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ukrsnkjh dk lekt'kkL=k
uksV (d) bl mikxe osQ }kjk oSKkfud lekt ls lacaf/r ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa osQ vuqekfur dky&Øfed
fodkl gh irk yxk ikrs gSaA oSKkfud blosQ }kjk okLrfod voLFkkvksa vkSj ?kVukvksa osQ laca/ esa
lR;] izekf.kd vkSj fo'oluh; Kku izkIr ugha dj ikrs gSaA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
4- loZizFke cgqnsookn dk mn; fdlosQ }kjk fd;k x;kµ
(d) ekWxZu ([k) nq[khZe (x) VkW;yj
5- fookg vkSj ifjokj dh mRifÙk o fodkl dks ekuo bfrgkl esa fdlus ns[kkµ
(d) nq[khZe ([k) ekWxZu (x) dkyZ&ekDlZ
6- mf}dklh; mikxe osQ }kjk thoksa dk mf}dklh; fl¼kar fdlus izfrikfnr fd;kµ
(d) dky&ekDlZ ([k) VkW;yj (x) pkYlZ MkfoZu
4-3 lkjak'k (Summary)
• lu~ 1859 bZ- esa pkYlZ MkfoZu us vksfjftu vkWiQ Lisflt uked iqLrd dh jpuk dhA
• gcZVZ LisUlj osQ vuqlkj ¶mf}dkl] rRo dk leUo; rFkk mlls lacaf/r xfr gS ftlosQ nkSjku rRo ,d
vfuf'pr&vlEc¼&lekurk ls fuf'pr&lac¼&fHkUurk esa cnyrk gSA¸
• ekxZu osQ vuqlkj ekuo lekt osQ mf}dkl osQ rhu Lrj gSaµ(i) ekuo] (ii) laLÑfr vkj.;d voLFkk]
vlH; voLFkk vkSj (iii) lH; voLFkkA
4-4 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
1. mn~fodklh; ifjorZu (Evolutionary change)µfdlh fuf'pr fn'kk esa fujUrj ,oa Øfed
cnyko mn~fodklh; ifjorZu dk |ksrd gSA
2- ,sfrgkfld mikxe (Historical Approach)µbfrgkl osQ }kjk lekt dh lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd]
vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd ?kVukvksa dk Øfed ,oa O;ofLFkr djosQ ge lkekftd thou dh fujUrjrk vkSj
lkekU; /kjk dks le> ldrs gSaA
4-5 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1- ukrsnkjh vè;;u osQ ,sfrgkfld mikxe dh foospuk djsaA
2- ukrsnkjh vè;;u osQ mf}dklh; mikxe dh vkykspukRed O;k[;k djsaA
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1- vrhr 2- ladyu 3- lEiw.kZ vrhr
4- (x) VkW;yj 5- ([k) ekWxZu 6- (x) pkYlZ MkfoZuA
36 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY