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ukrsnkjh dk lekt'kkL=k




                     uksV               (d) bl mikxe osQ }kjk oSKkfud lekt ls lacaf/r ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa osQ vuqekfur dky&Øfed
                                            fodkl gh irk yxk ikrs gSaA oSKkfud blosQ }kjk okLrfod voLFkkvksa vkSj ?kVukvksa osQ laca/ esa
                                            lR;] izekf.kd vkSj fo'oluh; Kku izkIr ugha dj ikrs gSaA

                                 Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)


                                 lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
                                    4-  loZizFke cgqnsookn dk mn; fdlosQ }kjk fd;k x;kµ

                                       (d) ekWxZu                  ([k) nq[khZe         (x) VkW;yj
                                    5-  fookg vkSj ifjokj dh mRifÙk o fodkl dks ekuo bfrgkl esa fdlus ns[kkµ
                                       (d) nq[khZe                 ([k) ekWxZu          (x) dkyZ&ekDlZ

                                    6-  mf}dklh; mikxe osQ }kjk thoksa dk mf}dklh; fl¼kar fdlus izfrikfnr fd;kµ
                                       (d) dky&ekDlZ               ([k) VkW;yj          (x) pkYlZ MkfoZu

                                 4-3 lkjak'k (Summary)


                                     • lu~ 1859 bZ- esa pkYlZ MkfoZu us vksfjftu vkWiQ Lisflt uked iqLrd dh jpuk dhA

                                     • gcZVZ LisUlj osQ vuqlkj ¶mf}dkl] rRo dk leUo; rFkk mlls lacaf/r xfr gS ftlosQ nkSjku rRo ,d
                                       vfuf'pr&vlEc¼&lekurk ls fuf'pr&lac¼&fHkUurk esa cnyrk gSA¸

                                     • ekxZu osQ vuqlkj ekuo lekt osQ mf}dkl osQ rhu Lrj gSaµ(i) ekuo] (ii) laLÑfr vkj.;d voLFkk]
                                       vlH; voLFkk vkSj (iii) lH; voLFkkA

                                 4-4 'kCndks'k  (Keywords)


                                   1.  mn~fodklh; ifjorZu (Evolutionary change)µfdlh fuf'pr fn'kk esa fujUrj ,oa Øfed
                                       cnyko mn~fodklh; ifjorZu dk |ksrd gSA
                                   2-  ,sfrgkfld mikxe (Historical Approach)µbfrgkl osQ }kjk lekt dh lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd]
                                       vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd ?kVukvksa dk Øfed ,oa O;ofLFkr djosQ ge lkekftd thou dh fujUrjrk vkSj
                                       lkekU; /kjk dks le> ldrs gSaA


                                 4-5 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)


                                   1-  ukrsnkjh vè;;u osQ ,sfrgkfld mikxe dh foospuk djsaA
                                   2-  ukrsnkjh vè;;u osQ mf}dklh; mikxe dh vkykspukRed O;k[;k djsaA
                                 mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)


                                          1- vrhr                    2- ladyu             3- lEiw.kZ vrhr
                                          4- (x) VkW;yj              5- ([k) ekWxZu       6- (x) pkYlZ MkfoZuA




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