Page 14 - DCAP310_INTRODUCTION_TO_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems

Notes These techniques have been and continue to be applied to a broad range of problems that arise
in robotics, e-commerce, medical diagnosis, gaming, mathematics, and military planning and
logistics, to name a few.
Several research groups fall under the general umbrella of AI in the department, but are disciplines
in their own right, including: robotics, NLP, computer vision, computational biology, and e-
commerce. Specifically, research is being conducted in estimation theory, mobility mechanisms,
multi-agent negotiation, natural language interfaces, machine learning, active computer vision,
probabilistic language models for use in spoken language interfaces, and the modeling and
integration of visual, haptic, auditory and motor information.

1.3.5 Industrial Applications

Artificial intelligence is implemented in automated online assistants that can be seen as avatars
on web pages. It can avail for enterprises to reduce their operation and training cost. A major
underlying technology to such systems is natural language processing. Similar techniques may
be used in answering machines of call centers, such as speech recognition software to allow
computers to handle first level of customer support, text mining and natural language processing
to allow better customer handling, agent training by automatic mining of best practices from
past interactions, support automation and many other technologies to improve agent productivity
and customer satisfaction. Fuzzy logic controllers have been developed for automatic gearboxes
in automobiles. Many telecommunications companies make use of heuristic search in the
management of their workforces, for example BT Group has deployed heuristic search in a
scheduling application that provides the work schedules of 20,000 engineers. The 1990s saw
some of the first attempts to mass-produce domestically aimed types of basic Artificial Intelligence
for education or leisure. This prospered greatly with the Digital Revolution and helped introduce
people, especially children, to a life of dealing with various types of Artificial Intelligence,
specifically in the form of Internet. The evolution of music has always been affected by technology.
1.3.6 Computer-aided Instruction (CAI)

With AI, scientists are trying to make the computer emulate the activities of the skillful musician.
Composition, performance, music theory, sound processing are some of the major areas on
which research in Music and Artificial Intelligence are focusing. The Air Operations Division
uses AI for the rule based expert systems. The AOD has use for artificial intelligence for surrogate
operators for combat and training simulators, mission management aids, support systems for
tactical decision making, and post processing of the simulator data into symbolic summaries.

To truly learn is to digest and make the material one’s own by updating one’s internal models
and using them in new applications. Real-time interaction with a computer providing immediate
feedback and individual guidance is particularly appropriate to this goal. Thus, as computer
hardware costs continue to tumble, the nature of the entire present educational system may be
radically changed.
1.3.7 Learning by Computers

Computers can support the variety of ways learners construct their own understanding. Students
who gather information from the Internet can be self-directed and independent. They can choose
what sources to examine and what connections to pursue. Depending on the parameters set by
teachers, the students may be in complete control of their topics and their explorations.
Students can work through a computer-based activity at their own pace. Rather than 25 individuals
working together on one activity, technology allows independent completion of work. Those

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