Page 238 - DCAP310_INTRODUCTION_TO_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems

Notes Regular grammar was first introduced for studying the properties of neural nets. The
languages represented by regular expressions are called the regular languages.

Semantic and pragmatic analysis make up the most complex phase of language processing
as they build up on results of all the above mentioned disciplines.
The goal of syntactic analysis is to determine whether the text string on Input is a sentence
in the given (natural) language. If it is, the result of the analysis contains a description of
the syntactic structure of the sentence.

12.7 Keywords

Context-sensitive Grammar: It is a formal grammar in which left-hand sides and right hand dies
of any production (rewrite) rules may be surrounded by a context of terminal and non terminal
symbols.
Linguistics: It is the study of human languages. It follows scientific approach. So it is also
referred to as linguistic science.
NLP: It stands Natural Language Processing. NLP is a sub field of Artificial intelligence (AI)
Linguistic, devoted to make computer “ understand” statements written in human languages.
Parsing: It is a process to determine how a string might be derived using productions (rewrite
rules) of a given grammar.

Semantic Network: It is a structure for representing knowledge as a pattern of interconnected
nodes and arcs, in a way that the nodes represent concepts of entities, attributes, events and
states; and the arcs represent the connections among the concepts.

12.8 Review Questions

1. Explain natural language processing.
2. Define linguistics. What is computational linguistics?
3. What is formal language?

4. Explain the role of parsing.
5. Discuss recognition and classification process.
6. Explain natural language systems.

7. Define knowledge representation.
8. What do you understand by syntactic analysis?

Answers: Self Assessment

1. True 2. False
3. False 4. True
5. False 6. False

7. True 8. False
9. True 10. True
11. False 12. True

232 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY