Page 55 - DCAP310_INTRODUCTION_TO_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS

Unit 3: Representation of Knowledge

3.5 Summary Notes

Knowledge acquisition is integrally tied to how the mind organizes and represents
information.

Learning can be enhanced by considering the fundamental properties of human knowledge
as well as by the ultimate function of the desired information.
The most important property of knowledge is that it is organized semantically; therefore,
learning methods should enhance meaningful study of new information.
Learners should also create as many links to the information as possible.
Learning methods should be matched to the desired outcome. Just as using a bus timetable
to find a bus-stop location is ineffective, learning to recognize information will do little
good on an essay exam.

3.6 Keywords

Declarative Knowledge: It refers to one’s memory for concepts, facts, or episodes, whereas
procedural knowledge refers to the ability to perform various tasks.
Inference Rule: An inference rule is a conditional statement with two parts: an if clause and a then
clause.
Knowledge Acquisition: It is the process of adding new knowledge to a knowledge-base and
refining or otherwise improving knowledge that was previously acquired.
Knowledge Representation: Knowledge representation (KR) is most fundamentally a surrogate,
a substitute for the thing itself, used to enable an entity to determine consequences by thinking
rather than acting, i.e. by reasoning about the world rather than taking action in it.

3.7 Review Questions

1. Explain semantic network and classify it with frame based representation.
2. Describe the different types of knowledge representation techniques. Explain propositional
logic.

3. Explain differences between declarative and procedural knowledge. Explain with the help
of examples.
4. How the knowledge representation is defined?

Answers: Self Assessment

1. False 2. True

3. True 4. True
5. True 6. True
7. True 8. True
9. False 10. False
11. False 12. True
13. True 14. False

15. False

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