Page 45 - DCAP103_Principle of operating system

Principles of Operating Systems

Notes File Server System: File-server systems provide a file-system interface where clients can create,
update, read, and delete files.
Kernel: Kernel is a program that constitutes the central core of a computer operating system.

MISD Multiprocessing: Multiple Instruction, Single Data is a type of 1Tparallel computing1T
1Tarchitecture1T where many functional units perform different operations on the same data.

Multitasking: An operating system that utilizes multitasking is one that allows more than one
program to run simultaneously.
Operating System: An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the hardware
and software resources of a computer.
Peer-to-Peer System: Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application
architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers.

Real Time Operating System (RTOS): Real-time operating systems are used to control machinery,
scientific instruments and industrial systems such as embedded systems.

SIMD Multiprocessing: In a single instruction stream, multiple data stream computer one
processor handles a stream of instructions, each one of which can perform calculations in parallel
on multiple data locations.

Symmetric Multiprocessing: SMP involves a multiprocessor computer architecture where two
or more identical processors can connect to a single shared main memory.
System Calls: System call is the mechanism used by an application program to request service
from the operating system.
Unix-like: Unix-like family is a diverse group of operating systems, with several major
subcategories including System V, BSD, and Linux.

1. What are the key ingredients of an operating system?
2. What is the usefulness of system call?

1.14 Review Questions

1. What does an operating system do?
2. What are the three main purposes of an operating system?

3. List the four steps needed to run a program on a completely dedicated machine.
4. What is the main advantage of multiprogramming?
5. What are the main differences between operating systems for mainframe computers and
PCs?
6. In a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment, several users share the system
simultaneously. This situation can result in various security problems.
( a) What are two such problems?

( b) Can we ensure the same degree of security in a time-shared machine as we have in
a dedicated machine? Explain your answer.

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