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Exposure to Computer Disciplines

Notes and properties in the VBA programming environment, and VBA code modules may declare and
call Windows operating-system functions.
8.5.4 Microsoft SQL Server

Microsoft SQL Server is a relational model database server produced by Microsoft. Its primary
query languages are T-SQL and ANSI SQL.

Since parting ways, several revisions have been done independently. SQL Server 7.0 was a rewrite
from the legacy Sybase code. It was succeeded by SQL Server 2000, which was the first edition
to be launched in a variant for the IA-64 architecture.
8.5.5 PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system
(ORDBMS). It is released under an MIT-style license and is thus free and open source software.
As with many other open-source programs, PostgreSQL is not controlled by any single company
— a global community of developers and companies develops the system.
The mixed-capitalization of the PostgreSQL name can confuse some people on first viewing.
The several pronunciations of “SQL” can lead to this confusion. It is abbreviated as “Postgres”,
its original name. Because of ubiquitous support for the SQL Standard amongst most relational
databases, the community considered changing the name back to Postgres. However, the
PostgreSQL Core Team announced in 2007 that the product would continue to use the name
PostgreSQL. The name refers to the project’s origins as a “post-Ingres” database, the original
authors having also developed the Ingres database. (The name Ingres was an abbreviation for
INteractive Graphics REtrieval System.)
8.5.6 MySQL
MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing
multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius’
daughter, My. The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query Language.
The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the
GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was
owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned
by Oracle Corporation.
Free-software projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL.
For commercial use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality. Some
free software project examples: Joomla, WordPress, Mob, phpBB, Drupal and other software built
on the LAMP software stack. MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale World Wide
Web products, including Wikipedia, Google (though not for searches) and Face book.
8.5.7 Filemaker
FileMaker Pro is a cross-platform relational database application from FileMaker Inc., formerly
Claris, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. It integrates a database engine with a GUI-based interface,
allowing users to modify the database by dragging new elements into layouts, screens, or forms.
Current versions are: FileMaker Pro 11, FileMaker Pro 11 Advanced, FileMaker Pro 11 Server,
FileMaker Pro 11 Server Advanced and FileMaker Go.
FileMaker evolved from a DOS application, but was then developed primarily for the Apple
Macintosh. Since 1992 it has been available for Microsoft Windows as well as Mac OS, and can
be used in a heterogeneous environment. It is available in desktop, server, iOS and web-delivery
configurations.

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