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DCAP206 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE
Sr. No. Description
1. Tools for course understanding: Awareness of ISA bus interface, a popular bus architecture used in
IBM and compatible personal computer systems.
Digital Logic Circuits: Digital computers, Logic gates, Boolean Algebra, Map Simplification, Half
Adder, Full Adder, Flip flops – SR, JK, D, T, Edge triggered flip flops, Sequential Circuits
2. Digital Components: Integrated circuits, Decoders – NAND gate decoder, Encoders, Multiplexers,
Demultiplexers, Registers, Shift registers, Bidirectional Register with parallel load, Binary counters,
Memory Unit – RAM, ROM, Types of ROMs
3. Data Representation: Number systems – decimal, octal, hexadecimal, Complement – (r-1)’s
complement, r’s complement, Fixed point representation, floating point representation, Gray code,
Decimal codes, alphanumeric codes, Error detection codes
4. Register Transfer and Micro-operations: Register transfer language, Register transfer, Bus and
memory transfers – three state bus buffers, Arithmetic micro-operations – binary adder, binary adder
subtractor, binary incrementer, arithmetic circuit
5. Logic micro-operations and its hardware implementation, Shift micro-operations and hardware
implementation, Arithmetic Logic Shift unit, Hardware description languages
6. Basic Computer Organization and Design: Instruction Codes, Stored program organization,
Computer registers, Common bus system, Computer instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction
cycle, Memory reference instructions, Input output and interrupt, complete design of basic computer
7. Central Processing Unit: General register organization, control word, Stack organization, register
stack, memory stack, Instruction formats – three address, two address, one address, zero address
instructions, Addressing modes, Data transfer and manipulation, arithmetic, logical, bit
manipulation, Program control, Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), CISC characteristics
8. Input-Output Organization: Input output interface, I/O bus and interface modules, I/O vs memory
bus, Isolated vs Memory mapped I/O
9. Asynchronous data transfer, handshaking, Programmed I/O, Interrupt-initiated I/O, Priority
Interrupt – Daisy chaining, parallel priority, priority encoder, interrupt cycle, DMA controller and
transfer
10. Memory Organization: Memory hierarchy, RAM, ROM chips, memory address map, Associative
memory, Cache memory, Virtual memory, Memory management hardware
