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Unit 12: Image Format



                                                                                                  notes
             MPEG-2      Generic coding of moving  ISO/IEC 13818  1995
                         pictures  and  associated
                         audio information
             MPEG-3                                                         abandoned,
                                                                            incorporated
                                                                            into MPEG-2
             MPEG-4      Coding  of  audio-visual  ISO/IEC 14496  1999
                         objects
             MPEG-7      M u l t i m e d i a   c o n t e n t  ISO/IEC 15938  2002
                         description interface
             MPEG-21     Multimedia  framework  ISO/IEC 21000     2001
                         (MPEG-21)
             MPEG-A      Multimedia  application  ISO/IEC 23000   2007
                         format (MPEG-A)
             MPEG-B      MPEG systems technologies ISO/IEC 23001  2006
             MPEG-C      MPEG video technologies  ISO/IEC 23002   2006
             MPEG-D      MPEG audio technologies  ISO/IEC 23003   2007
             MPEG-E      Multimedia Middleware   ISO/IEC 23004    2007
             (none)      Supplemental media      ISO/IEC 29116    2008      w i l l    b e
                         technologies                                       revised  in
                                                                            M P E G - M
                                                                            Part 4 - MPEG
                                                                            e x t e n s i b l e
                                                                            middleware
                                                                            (MXM)
                                                                            protocols
             MPEG-V      Media context and control  ISO/IEC 23005  2011
             MPEG-M      MPEG extensible middleware  ISO/IEC 23006  2010
                         (MXM)
             MPEG-U      Rich media user interfaces  ISO/IEC 23007  2010
             MPEG-H      High-Efficiency Video   (planned ISO/ Under
                         Coding                  IEC 23008)   development







                        Select an image and convert into mpeg-1, mpeg-2, mpeg-3, mp3, mpeg-4, and
                        mp4 using online convertor.


            12.6 fractal image Compression


            Fractal encoding is a mathematical process used to encode bitmaps containing a real-world image
            as a set of mathematical data that describes the fractal properties of the image. Fractal encoding
            relies on the fact that all natural, and most artificial, objects contain redundant information in the
            form of similar, repeating patterns called fractals.

            12.6.1 fractal Basics
            A fractal is a structure that is made up of similar forms and patterns that occur in many different
            sizes. The term fractal was first used by Benoit Mandelbrot to describe repeating patterns that


                                             LoveLy professionaL University                                   209
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