Page 17 - DCAP308_OBJECT_ORIENTED_ANALYSIS_AND_DESIGN

Unit 1: Introduction to Object Orientation

Inheritance of both data structure and behavior allows a common structure and behavior Notes
allows common structure to be shared among several similar subclasses without
redundancy.
In object orientation the major emphasis is on specifying the characteristics of the objects
in a system, rather than implementing these characteristics.

1.6 Keywords

Abstraction: Abstraction consists of focusing on the essential, inherent aspects of an entity and
ignoring its accidental aspects.
Class: A class or object class is a group of objects with similar properties (attributes), common
behavior (operations), common relationships to other objects, and common semantics.
Classification: Classification means that objects with the same data structure (attributes) and
behavior (operations) are grouped into a class.
Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the process of encapsulating the elements of an abstraction that
constitutes its structure and behavior.
Identity: Identity means that data is quantized into discrete, distinguishable entities called
objects.

Inheritance: Inheritance is a mechanism for sharing similarities among classes while preserving
their differences.
Object: An object is a section of source code that contains data and provides services.

OO Development: Object-oriented Development is a new way of thinking about software based
on abstractions that exist in the real world as well as in the program.

1.7 Review Questions

1. What is object orientation? Explain with example.

2. Describe the terms related to object orientation. Give example of each.
3. Make distinction between polymorphism and inheritance.
4. What are the advantages of object orientation? Discuss.
5. Discuss the importance of object orientation.
6. Elucidate the concept of object-oriented development.

7. What are the different themes in an object-oriented technology? Discuss.
8. “In object orientation the major emphasis is on specifying the characteristics of the objects
in a system, rather than implementing these characteristics.” Comment.

9. Write short note on the evidence for usefulness of OO Development.
10. Explain the concept of encapsulation with example.

Answers: Self Assessment

1. Object orientation (OO) 2. Object
3. class 4. Identity

5. Classification 6. polymorphism.

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