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Exposure to Computer Disciplines

Notes be handled at the same time, users can interact with a page even while data is being retrieved.
Some web applications regularly poll the server to ask if new information is available.

11.4.4 WWW Prefix
Many domain names used for the World Wide Web begin with www because of the long-standing
practice of naming Internet hosts (servers) according to the services they provide. The hostname for
a web server is often www, in the same way that it may be ftp for an FTP server, and news or nntp
for a USENET news server. These host names appear as Domain Name System (DNS) subdomain
names, as in www.example.com. The use of ‘www’ as a subdomain name is not required by any
technical or policy standard; indeed, the first ever web server was called nxoc01.cern.ch, and
many web sites exist without it. Many established websites still use ‘www’, or they invent other
subdomain names such as ‘www2’, ‘secure’, etc. Many such web servers are set up such that both
the domain root (e.g., example.com) and the www subdomain (e.g., www.example.com) refer
to the same site; others require one form or the other, or they may map to different web sites.
The use of a subdomain name is useful for load balancing incoming web traffic by creating a
CNAME record that points to a cluster of web servers. Since, currently, only a subdomain can be
cname’ed the same result cannot be achieved by using the bare domain root.

In English, www is pronounced by individually pronouncing the name of characters (double-u
double-u double-u). Although some technical users pronounce it dub-dub-dub this is not widespread.
The English writer Douglas Adams once quipped in The Independent on Sunday (1999): “The
World Wide Web is the only thing I know of whose shortened form takes three times longer to
say than what it’s short for,” with Stephen Fry later pronouncing it in his “Podgrammes” series
of podcasts as “wuh wuh wuh.” In Mandarin Chinese, World Wide Web is commonly translated
via a phono-semantic matching to wàn wéi w?ng), which satisfies www and literally means
“myriad dimensional net” a translation that very appropriately reflects the design concept and
proliferation of the World Wide Web.

In English, www is pronounced by individually pronouncing the name of
characters (double-u double-u double-u). Although some technical users pronounce
it dub-dub-dub this is not widespread.

11.4.5 Privacy

Computer users, who save time and money, and who gain conveniences and entertainment, may
or may not have surrendered the right to privacy in exchange for using a number of technologies
including the Web Worldwide, more than a half billion people have used a social network service,
and of Americans who grew up with the Web, half created an online profile] and are part of a
generational shift that could be changing norms. Facebook progressed from U.S. college students
to a 70% non-U.S. audience, and in 2009 estimated that only 20% of its members use privacy
settings. In 2010 (six years after co-founding the company), Mark Zuckerberg wrote, “we will
add privacy controls that are much simpler to use”.

Privacy representatives from 60 countries have resolved to ask for laws to complement industry
self-regulation, for education for children and other minors who use the Web, and for default
protections for users of social networks. They also believe data protection for personally identifiable
information benefits business more than the sale of that information. Users can opt-in to features
in browsers to clear their personal histories locally and block some cookies and advertising

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