Page 187 - DCAP207_NETWORKS_DCAP406_COMPUTER_NETWORKS

Computer Networks/Networks

Notes Flow Control: The underlying rule of flow control is to maintain a synergy between a fast
process and a slow process. Transport layer enables a fast process to keep pace with a slow one.
Fragmentation: When transport layer receives large message from session layer, it breaks the
message into smaller units depending upon the requirement.
Integrated Services: IETF working group had proposed the integrated services (IS) model based
on outbound bandwidth policies for predictable resources in the network.
Leaky bucket: The algorithm enables to control the rate at which data is injected into a network
and thus handling burstiness in the data rate.

Multiplexing: To improve throughput, the transport layer establishes multiple network
connections.
Protection priority: It is defined as the capability of the transport layer to provide Protection
against third parties who try to interfere with the data. It specifies the priority of the important
connections so that high priority connections are served before the low priority connections in
the event of congestion.
Quality of Service: is defined as a policy framework that describes the quality of a specific
stream of data in terms of bandwidth, buffer usage, priority, CPU usage, etc.
Re-assembly: When transport layer acts as receiving process, it reorders the pieces of message
before reassembling them into a message.

Residual error Ratio: It is the fraction of the lost data with respect to the total data sent over the
network by source machine.
Resilience: It is the capability of the transport layer to terminate a connection itself spontaneously
in the case of congestion.
Traffic Management: The traffic management facility allows maximizing available network
resources and ensures efficient use of resources that have not been explicitly allocated.
Transport Protocol Data Unit (TPDU): It is a term used for exchanging data from transport
entity to transport entity.

Traffic shaping: Refers to the transmission of packets at uniform rate and in more predictable
rate in case of open loop method.
Transport Service Primitives: They are used to access transport services by the application layer
or the users.
Transit Delay: It is the time gap between a transmitted data from source machine to the reception
of the same data by the destination machine. Like, throughput, for each communication link it
is measured separately.
Throughput: It defines the number of bytes of user data transferred per second in a defined time
interval. For each communication link it is measured separately.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): It enables reliable data delivery service with end-to-end
error detection and correction.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP): It is connectionless unreliable datagram protocol in which the
sending terminal does not check whether data has been received by receiving terminal.

11.6 Review Questions

1. How is transport layer different from data link layer when the services provided at both
the layers are almost similar?

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