Page 27 - DENG401_Advance Communication Skills

Advanced Communication Skills

Notes Type one sounds are used if the word ends in the following sounds:
Standard phonetic symbols Phonetic symbols Example word
/p/ /P/ stops, ships
/t/ /T/ hits, pets
/k/ /K/ attacks, bricks
/f/ /F/ laughs, coughs
/θ/ /θ/ maths, moths

These sounds are all unvoiced, which means that your vocal chords must be silent when
you make the sound.
(b) Type two sound /Z/
This sound is formed in the same way as type 1, but you must make a sound with
your vocal chords (the sound made by a bee, or high-voltage electricity)
Type two sounds come after the following sounds:
Standard phonetic Phonetic Example word
symbols symbols
/b/ /B/ grabs, robs
/d/ /D/ lids, rods
/g/ /G/ pigs, dogs
/v/ /V/ loves, leaves
/ / /DZ/ breathes, lathes
/l/ /L/ hills, fails
/m/ /M/ comes, trams
/n/ /N/ earns, burns
/ / /Ñ/ songs, paintings
any vowel sound any vowel sound plays, employees, flees, goes,
news

These sounds are all voiced, which means that your vocal chords must make a sound
when you pronounce them.
(c) Type three sound /IZ/
This sound is the same as the verb ‘to be’ in its third person form (is). Type three
sounds are the only ones which add an additional syllable to the word, for example
‘miss’ /MIS/ is one syllable, but ‘misses’ /MIS IZ/ is two syllables. The final /IZ/
syllable isn’t usually stressed.
Standard phonetic symbols Phonetic symbols Example word
/s/ /S/ buses, places
/z/ /Z/ chooses, sizes
/?/ /SH/ washes, wishes
/t?/ /TCH/ watches, matches
/d?/ /DJ/ Judges, pages
If a word ends in a consonant sound + ‘y’, the pronunciation of final ‘y’ is /EE/ and
in the plural it has a type 3 sound, but there is no extra syllable e.g. ‘copy’ /KO PEE/
(2 syllables), ‘copies’ /KO PIZ/ (also 2 syllables).

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