Page 160 - DCAP506_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE

Artificial Intelligence

Notes After such impracticable string has been identified and highlighted by the program, the user can
correct this string in any preferable way— manually or with the help of the program.

Example: If we try to insert into any English text the strings 3*groop, *greit, or
*misanderstand, the spell checker will detect the error and stop at this string, emphasizing it for
the user. Corresponding examples in Spanish can be * caió, * systema, *nesecitar.
The functions of a spell checker can be more adaptable. The program can also suggest a set of
accessible words, which are alike enough to the specified corrupted word, and the user can then
select one of them as the correct edition of the word, without retyping it in the line. In the
preceding examples, Microsoft Word’s spell checker provides, as possible candidates for
substitution of the string caió, the existing Spanish words revealed in Figure 11.5. Mostly,
especially for long strings, a spell checker provides only one or two candidates (or none).

Example: For the string* systema it provides only the correct Spanish word
sistema.
The programs that carry out operations of both types are known as orthographic correctors,
while in English they are generally known as spellcheckers. In daily practice, spell checkers are
measured as very cooperative and are used by millions of users all through the world. The
majority of modern text editors are supplied now with incorporated spell checkers.
Microsoft Word uses many spellcheckers, a particular one for each natural language used in the
text.
Figure 11.5

The amount of linguistic information required for spell checkers is much superior than for
hyphenation. A straightforward but very resource-consuming strategy operates with a list, or a
dictionary, of all applicable words in a particular language. It is required to have also a criterion
of resemblance of words, and some suppositions regarding the most general typographic and
spelling errors. A deeper penetration into the correction problems needs a detailed knowledge
of morphology, as it assists the creation of a more dense dictionary has a convenient size.
Spell checkers have been obtainable for more than 20 years, but some relatively apparent tasks
of rectification of words, even taken separately, have not been yet solved.

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