Page 33 - DCAP506_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE

Unit 2: Problems, Problem Spaces and Search

Notes
Example: Problems like medical diagnosis, engineering design.

2.6.2 Production System Characteristics

1. Can production systems, such as problems, be illustrated by a set of traits that shed some
light on how they can simply be implemented?
2. If so, what relationships are there among problem types and the kinds of production
systems best matched to solving the problems?
(i) Classes of Production systems:
(a) Monotonic Production System: The application of a rule by no means averts
the later application of another rule that could also have been functional at the
time the first rule was chosen.
(b) Non-monotonic Production system

(c) Partially commutative Production system: Property that if application of a
specific sequence of rules converts state x to state y, then permutation of those
rules permissible, also converts state x into state y.
(d) Commutative Production system

2.6.3 Issues in the Design of Search Programs

1. The direction in which to carry out the search (forward versus backward reasoning)
2. How to choose applicable rules (Matching)
3. How to symbolize every node of the hunt process (knowledge demonstration problem)

Self Assessment

Fill in the blanks:
13. A very great and compound problem can be simply solved if it can be wrecked into
smaller problems and .................................. could be used.

14. .................................. is the application of a rule by no means averts the later application of
another rule that could also have been functional at the time the first rule was chosen.
15. The problem is said to be .................................. when the computer will be specified a
problem explanation and will create an answer, with no in-between communication and
with he demand for a clarification of the reasoning process.

2.7 Summary

 Problems have the general form given such-and-such data, find x.
 The thought of State Space Search is broadly used in Artificial Intelligence. The plan is that
a problem can be solved by probing the steps which might be taken for the solution.

 The state space illustration permits for a formal definition of the problem as the
requirement to exchange some given situation into some preferred situation by means of
a set of allowable operations.

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 27