Page 180 - DCAP506_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE

Artificial Intelligence

Notes  information provided by the user
 often based on the use of rules
 User interface
 interaction with end users

 development and maintenance of the knowledge base

Figure 13.1: Parts of Expert System

Self Assessment

Fill in the blanks:
1. An ....................... is software that attempts to reproduce the performance of one or more
human experts, most commonly in a specific problem domain, and is a traditional
application and/or subfield of artificial intelligence.
2. Knowledge base contains essential information about the problem ....................... .

13.2 General Concepts and Characteristics of ES

There are the following parts of Expert System:

13.2.1 Chaining

There are two main methods of reasoning when using inference rules: backward chaining and
forward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the data available and uses the inference rules to
conclude more data until a desired goal is reached. An inference engine using forward chaining
searches the inference rules until it finds one in which the if-clause is known to be true. It then
concludes the then-clause and adds this information to its data. It would continue to do this until
a goal is reached. Because the data available determines which inference rules are used, this
method is also called data driven. Backward chaining starts with a list of goals and works
backwards to see if there is data which will allow it to conclude any of these goals. An inference
engine using backward chaining would search the inference rules until it finds one which has a

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