Page 24 - DCAP506_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE

Artificial Intelligence

Notes A system that utilizes this form of knowledge representation is known as a production system.
A production system includes rules and factors. Knowledge is programmed in a declarative
from which includes a set of rules of the form

Situation —————— action
Situation that implies action.

Example: IF the initial state is a goal state THEN quit.
The main components of an AI production system are:
i. A global database
ii. A set of production rules and

iii. A control system
The objective database is the central data structure utilized by an AI production system. The
production rules function on the global database. Every rule has a requirement that is either
pleased or not by the database. If the requirement is pleased, the rule can be applied. Application
of the rule alters the database.

Notes The control system selects which relevant rule should be applied and ceases
calculation when a termination condition on the database is pleased. If numerous rules are
to fire simultaneously, the control system resolves the disagreements.

2.2.1 Classes of Production Systems

1. A monotonic production system
2. A non monotonic production system

3. A partially commutative production system
4. A commutative production system.

2.2.2 Advantages of Production Systems

1. Production systems offer an exceptional tool for structuring AI programs.
2. Production Systems are extremely modular since the individual rules can be added, removed
or modified independently.
3. The production rules are articulated in a natural form, so the statements enclosed in the
knowledge base should the recording of an expert thinking out loud.

2.2.3 Disadvantages of Production Systems

One significant difficulty is the fact that it may be very hard to analyze the flow of control inside
a production system since the individual rules don’t call each other.
Production systems depict the operations that can be carried out in a search for a solution to the
problem.

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