Page 123 - DMGT207_MANAGEMENT_OF_FINANCES

Management of Finances

Notes Single or Multiple Costs of Capital
The first question I considered was whether to use single or multiple costs of capital given
that Nike has multiple business segments. Aside from footwear, which makes up 62 per
cent of revenue. Nike also sells apparel (30 per cent of revenue) that complement its
footwear products. In addition, Nike sells sport balls, time-pieces, eyewear, skates, bats
and other equipment designed for sports activities. Equipment products account for 3.6
per cent of revenue. Finally, Nike also sells some non- Nike branded products such as
Cole-Haan dress and casual footwear, and ice stakes, skate blades, hockey sticks, hockey
jerseys and other products under the Bauer trademark, non-Nike brands account for 4.5
per cent of the revenue.

I asked myself, whether Nike's different business segments shad enough risks from each
other to warrant different costs of capital. Were their profiles really different? I concluded
that it was only the Cole-Haan line that was somewhat different: the rest were all sports-
related businesses. However, since Cole-Haan makes up only a tiny fraction of the revenues,
I did not think it necessary to compute a separate cost of capital. As for the apparel and
footwear lines, they are sold through the same marketing and distribution channels and
are often marketed in "collections" of similar design. I believe, they face the same risk
factors, as such, I decided to compute only one cost of capital of the whole company.
Methodology for Calculating the Cost of Capital; WACC
Since Nike is funded with both debt and equity, I used the Weighted Average Cost of
Capital (WACC) method. Based on the latest available balance sheet, debt as a proportion
of total capital makes up 27.0 per cent and equity accounts for 73.0 per cent:
Capital sources Book Values

Debt
Current portion of long-term debt $ 5.4
Notes payable 855.3
Long-term debt 435.9
$ 1.291.2  27.0% of total capital
$ 3.494.5  72.0% of total capital

Cost of Debt
My estimate of Nike's cost of debt is 4.3 per cent. I arrived at this estimate by taking total
interest expense for the year 2001 and dividing it by the company's average debt balance.
The rare is lower than Treasury yields but that is because Nike raised a portion of its
funding needs through Japanese yen notes, which carry rates between 2.0 per cent to 4.3
per cent.
After adjusting for tax, the cost of debt comes to 2.7 per cent. I used a tax rate of 38 per cent,
which I obtained by adding state taxes of 3 per cent to the U.S. statutory tax rate. Historically,
Nike's state taxes have ranged from 2.5 per cent to 3.5 per cent.
Cost of Equity
I estimated the cost of equity, using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Other
methods such as the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) and the Earnings Capitalization
Ratio can be used to estimate the cost of equity. However, in my opinion, the CAPM is the
superior method.

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