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Mercantile Laws – II




                    Notes          1.7 Summary

                                      The Factories Act, is a social legislation which has been enacted for occupational safety,
                                       health and welfare of workers at work places.

                                      This legislation is being enforced by technical officers  i.e. Inspectors  of Factories,  Dy.
                                       Chief Inspectors of Factories who work under the control of the Chief Inspector of Factories
                                       and overall control of the Labour Commissioner, Government of National Capital Territory
                                       of Delhi.
                                      It applies to factories covered under the Factories Act, 1943.
                                      The industries in which ten (10) or more than ten workers are employed on any day of the
                                       preceding twelve months and are engaged in manufacturing process being carried out
                                       with  the  aid  of  power  or  twenty  or  more  than  twenty  workers  are  employed  in
                                       manufacturing process being carried out without the aid of power, are covered under the
                                       provisions of this Act.

                                      The enforcement  of this legislation is being carried out on district basis by the district
                                       Inspectors of Factories.
                                      After inspection, Improvement Notices  are issued  to the defaulting managements and
                                       ultimately legal Action is taken against the defaulting managements.

                                      The Inspectors of Factories file Challans against the defaulters, in the Courts of Metropolitan
                                       Magistrates.
                                      The work of Inspectors of Factories is supervised by the Dy. Chief Inspector of Factories
                                       on district basis.
                                      This Act provides for a maximum punishment up to two years and or a fine up to   one
                                       lakh or both.

                                      Section 2 (cb) of the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 defines the term “hazardous process”
                                       as any process or Activity in relation to an industry specified in the First Schedule where,
                                       unless special care is taken, raw materials used therein or the intermediate or finished
                                       products, bye-products, wastes or effluents.

                                   1.8 Keywords

                                   Adolescent: A person who has competed his fifteenth year of age has not completed his eighteenth
                                   year.
                                   Adult: Adult means a person who has completed his 18th year of age.
                                   Approval: The Action of officially agreeing to something or accepting something as satisfactory.
                                   Constitution: A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a
                                   state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
                                   Creches: Crèches are short sessional care or temporary childcare arrangements to cover things
                                   such as shopping trips, conferences, or training events.
                                   Factory: Whereon ten or more workers are working on any day of the preceding twelve months
                                   and in any part of which manufacturing process is being carried on.
                                   Licensing: Licensing is  the  process  of  leasing a  legally  protected (that is, trademarked  or
                                   copyrighted) entity -  a name,  likeness, logo,  trademark,  graphic design, slogan, signature,
                                   character, or a combination of several of these elements. The entity, known as the property or
                                   intellectual property, is then used in conjunction with a product.




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