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Advanced Communication Skills




                    Notes
                                          Example: Firstly, … secondly, … finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas.

                                   It’s rare to use “fourthly”, or “fifthly”. Instead, try the first point, the second point, the third
                                   point and so on.
                                   To link an action and its consequence
                                   1.  So

                                   2.  As a result
                                   3.  As a consequence (of)
                                   4.  Therefore
                                   5.  Thus
                                   6.  Consequently
                                   7.  Hence

                                   8.  Due to

                                          Example: Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way.

                                   ”The companies are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on
                                   extra staff.”
                                   So is more informal.
                                   To emphasise an idea

                                   1.  Undoubtedly
                                   2.  Indeed
                                   3.  Obviously
                                   4.  Generally
                                   5.  Admittedly

                                   6.  In fact
                                   7.  Particularly/in particular
                                   8.  Especially
                                   9.  Clearly
                                   10.  Importantly
                                   To add an idea

                                   1.  And
                                   2.  In addition/additionally/an additional
                                   3.  Furthermore
                                   4.  Also
                                   5.  Too

                                   6.  As well as






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