Page 60 - DCAP404 _Object Oriented Programming

Unit 2: Beginning of OOP Language

point unit). The floating point unit is a specially designed chip which can calculate the Notes
floating point values (number with decimal values) much faster than usual. A FPU can
handle all graphical applications much faster than any other chip.
The latest computers provide scope for further and higher upgradation. If a motherboard
has a provision for ZIF socket, the upgradation is much easier. Zero Insertion Force (ZIF)
is a ready-made socket that allows one to insert and remove any chip set without additional
tools to support.

The co-processor is a supporting chip fitted in with the CPU to assist in specific types of
operations. This will reduce the burden on the CPU when very complex mathematical and
scientific calculations have to be done. For instance, the Math Co-processor (MC) will
assist the CPU in faster processing of applications that have floating point values. The
computer should have a co-processor supporting program that calls the MC to make C
recognise floating point calculations. Otherwise the co-processor will not recognise the
instructions.
To boost the speed of the system, all the co-processors can be fitted to the motherboard.

2.7 Summary

 C++ language is made up of letters, words, sentences and constructs just like English
language.
 A collection of characters, much like a word in English language are called tokens.
 A token can be a keyword, or identifier, constant, string or an operator.

 Keywords are the reserve words that cannot be used as names of variable or other user-
defined program elements.
 Identifiers refer to the names of variables, functions, arrays, classes etc. created by the
programmer, Basic types.
 An array represents named list of finite number of similar data elements. A function is a
named part of a program that can be invoked from the other parts of the program.

 A pointer is a variable that holds a memory address of another variable. A reference is an
alternative name for an object. A constant is a data item whose data value can never
change during the program run.
 Operators are the symbols that represent specific operations. Arithmetic operators are
unary +, Unary–, +, –, *, / and % . ‘%’ uses pure integer division thereby requires integer
operands.
 Comparison operators, also called relational operators, compare the relationships among
values. The order of evaluation among logical operators is NOT, AND, OR, i.e.!, &&, 11.
 Along with mallo(), calloc() and frec() functions, C++ also defines two unary operators,
new and delete, that perform the task of allocating and freeing the memory.

2.8 Keywords

Character Constant: One or more characters enclosed in single quotes.
Expression: A combination of variables, constants and operators written according to some
rules.

Identifies: The names of variables, functions, arrays, classes, etc. created by the programmer.

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