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International Marketing




                    Notes          remember that cost should not be over emphasized. The main marketing goal is to maximize
                                   profits and production cost reductions should be considered as a secondary objective.




                                      Task  Make a list of Companies that provide standardised products all over the world.
                                     Give the product profile of any two of them.

                                   Self Assessment


                                   Fill in the blanks:
                                   7.  A new product is advantageous if it people can try it first in small quantity. This quality is
                                       referred to as………………

                                   8.  Cost reduction should be ………………objective of business.



                                     Caselet     Cotton Production/Marketing Interface


                                     Spinners
                                     Machines are highly flexible, that is they can usually switch to a variety of yarn
                                     requirements. The machines are geared to high production, are automated and are of a
                                     precision for constant quality provision. There are strict process controls and built-in
                                     quality control. Poor raw material, especially when contaminated with metal particles,
                                     damages opening mills, grid knives, fans and card clothing. Previous devices employed
                                     to remove these (magnets) are becoming less effective. The consequences are damage in
                                     the blow room and carding and danger of fire. Quality is therefore defined as properties
                                     of the end use (clothing etc.), efficiency of weaving and knitting and the efficient running
                                     of the spinning plant. Spinners require raw cotton which is free of trash, dust, sugar and
                                     honey dew contamination, seed coats, bark and foreign fibres. Further requirements are a
                                     certain length (could be short, medium or long), uniformity of length, strength, fineness,
                                     maturity and a certain elongation and colour.

                                     Suppliers
                                     In order to meet these high quality demands, the growers have to ensure that the production,
                                     picking and ginning is of a very high standard.

                                     Cotton Grading
                                     The Liverpool Cotton exchange, for one, relied on the skills of its experts to manually
                                     classify raw fibre purchases for its clients. It still holds the “standards” for length, colour
                                     and trash content. As well as the demands of modem machinery, the lack of standardised
                                     measuring and cotton classification procedures has resulted in commercial conflict and
                                     legal disputes about the true nature of traded cotton. Now, computer based high volume
                                     instrument listing systems of raw cotton (HVI systems) are available. The system can
                                     handle large numbers of bales, reduce variation in classification and the need for highly
                                     trained bate classifiers.

                                     For cotton exporters the system offers the following advantages:
                                           enhanced objectivity in classification
                                                                                                          Contd...



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