Page 70 - DLIS103_LIBRARY_CLASSIFICATION_AND_CATALOGUING_THEORY

Unit 10: Current Trends in Standardization

in other catalogue codes. Had the CCC been revised during the 1970s replacing rules for description Notes
with the ISBDs and updating the other rules properly it would have been a great boon to modern
cataloguing.
(i) Literature Review: ISBD attempts to cover a range of bibliographic activities and includes
elements common to one or more (ISBD (G) 1992). National bibliographic agencies create
records for publications issued in each country, using ISBD as a guide.

Did u know? ISBD is used to describe complete or perfect copies of material (ISBD for Older
Monographic Publications, 2004).
Other cataloguing agencies have more choice in description, although they are still bound
by ISBD’s prescribed order and punctuation. Factors such as name headings, subject infor-
mation, and uniform titles, and so on, are not included in ISBD, but may be included in
cataloguing codes (Hargler, 1991).
(ii) The Problem: A continuing information explosion has driven some authors to patronize
these publishers who do not meet the standards of ISBD. Some Nigerian publishes do not
observe basic ISBD requirements, and the title pages of many publications are either
missing or are lack basic information.

(b) Common Communication Format (CCF)

The Unesco Common Communication Format (CCF) is described in the context of other exchange
formats. A definition is given of ‘exchange format’, and the CCF is compared against this definition.
The history of its development is outlined and its major technical features are summarized. Examples
are given of the ways in which it is being used and is likely to be used in the future, and a number
of implementation manuals are mentioned which have been developed to assist in its use.

(c) MAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC)

This document provides references to the use of SGML / XML in bibliographic data management
based upon MARC formats. It also has references some generalized approaches to markup-based
bibliographic database management and citation generation.
MARC refers to a suite of related standards (USMARC, Can/MARC, Inter MARC, UKMARC, CCF, etc.)
used for bibliographic control within the library science and digital libraries’ communities. ‘MARC’ is
based upon ISO 2709:1996, Format for Information Exchange (INEX). ‘USMARC’ is based on ANSI
Z39.2, American National Standard for Bibliographic Information Interchange. Conversion from MARC
to SGML/XML (and the reverse) has been addressed in several different efforts.

Notes “The MARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of
bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form.
A USMARC record involves three elements: the record structure, the content designation, and the
data content of the record. A USMARC format is a set of codes and content designators defined for
encoding machine-readable records. The Formats are five types of data: bibliographic, holdings,
authority, classification, and community information.

Task Do you think database searching and budget restraints are the most significant trends
in the public library reference work. Justify your answer.

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