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Reference Sources and Services
Notes
Figure 11.2
Executives
Excecutive
Information
Systems
Senior Decision Support
Managers Systems
Middle Management Information
Managers Systems
Workers Transaction Processing Systems
The ‘classic’ view of Information systems found in the textbooks of the 1980s was of a pyramid of
systems that reflected the hierarchy of the organization, usually Transaction processing systems at
the bottom of the pyramid, followed by Management information systems, Decision support systems
and ending with Executive information systems at the top. Although, the pyramid model remains
useful, since it was first formulated a number of new technologies have been developed and new
categories of information systems have emerged, some of which no longer fit easily into the original
pyramid model.
Some examples of such systems are:
• Data warehouses
• Enterprise resource planning
• Enterprise systems
• Expert systems
• Geographic information system
• Global information system
• Office automation
Self Assessment
Fill in the blanks:
1. ...... is an academic/professional discipline bridging the business field and the well-defined
computers science field that is evolving toward a new scientific area of study.
2. Overall an IS discipline emphasizes functionality over ......
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