Page 238 - DLIS006_INFORMATION SOURCES AND SERVICES

Unit 12: Bibliographical Sources

Notes

Caselet Citing in the Text and Footnotes

esearcher acknowledges all documents except what he has himself developed. For
this purpose he resorts to citation and footnotes. The reason for giving citation or
Rfootnotes ranges from ‘presenting a well-documented report’ to ‘enhance
authenticity of the work’.

When the footnotes are used or when the relation between a piece of information on a
page (or pages is to be shown with its source, or when the author of the report wants to
refer the reader from a particular point in the text to another point (in the text or footnote
or list of references or the bibliography at the end), some system of symbols or numerals,
etc., has to be used.
The most common is the use of numerals at the point in the text (which may be super
scribed or given in parenthesis) referring to the same number of footnote on the page or
to the same number of entry in the list of references or in the bibliography. In place of
numerals some other symbols like star mark, etc., are also used to refer to a footnote on
the same page. Even ‘author and year’ system is also common. This is used in the text to
refer the reader to the complete bibliography at the end of a document or chapter. In such
a case bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author. Often, to give prominence to the
year, in the bibliography ‘year’ is placed immediately after the name of the author.
A few words about some Latin abbreviations used in footnotes and references may be
relevant here. Now a day there is a trend to avoid Latin words, e.g. et al is replaced with
the words ‘and others’. But some of these are still used, for they help to avoid repetition of
a reference or a part of it, again and again, especially on the same or facing page. A few of
them used commonly are:
Ibid (i.e. ibidem - the same work)
Idem (i.e. idem - of the same author)

Loc cit (i.e. loco citato - in the place cited)
Op cit (i.e. opera citato - work quoted)
Ibid and idem are used in relation with the immediately preceding entry. In contrast loc cit
and op cit are not used in relating with the immediately preceding entry.
Source: earxiv.uniraj.ac.in/arxdata/42/paper.doc

Self Assessment

Fill in the blanks:
3. ................................... bibliographies are considered exhaustive bibliographies.
4. A ................................. bibliography is a list of books and other materials, which are printed
and available in a country for sale, through publishers, booksellers, or trade agencies.
5. A ................................. is one that includes everything that is published, issued, or processed
in the field of knowledge form the beginning to the future.

6. A ........................... is prepared in order to shed light on the process of written communication.

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 233