Page 225 - DCAP104_EXPOSURE_TO_COMPUTER_DISCPLINES

Exposure to Computer Disciplines

Notes (c) Standards for ECMAScript (usually in the form of JavaScript), from Ecma International.
(d) Recommendations for the Document Object Model, from W3C.

Additional publications provide definitions of other essential technologies for the World Wide
Web, including, but not limited to, the following:
(i) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which is a universal system for referencing resources on
the Internet, such as hypertext documents and images. URIs, often called URLs, are defined
by the IETF’s RFC 3986 / STD 66: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, as
well as its predecessors and numerous URI scheme-defining RFCs;
(ii) HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), especially as defined by RFC 2616: HTTP/1.1 and
RFC 2617: HTTP Authentication, which specify how the browser and server authenticate
each other.

11.4.8 Accessibility
Web Accessibility
Access to the Web is for everyone regardless of disability including visual, auditory, physical,
speech, cognitive, or neurological. Accessibility features also help others with temporary
disabilities like a broken arm or the aging population as their abilities change. The Web is used
for receiving information as well as providing information and interacting with society, making
it essential that the Web be accessible in order to provide equal access and equal opportunity to
people with disabilities. Tim Berners-Lee once noted, “The power of the Web is in its universality.
Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect.”
11.4.9 Internationalization

The W3C Internationalization Activity assures that web technology will work in all languages,
scripts, and cultures. Beginning in 2004 or 2005, Unicode gained ground and eventually in
December 2007 surpassed both ASCII and Western European as the Web’s most frequently used
character encoding Originally RFC 3986 allowed resources to be identified by URI in a subset of
US-ASCII. RFC 3987 allows more characters-any character in the Universal Character Set-and
now a resource can be identified by IRI in any language.

11.4.10 Statistics
Between 2005 and 2010, the number of Web users doubled, and was expected to surpass two
billion in 2010. A 2002 survey of 2,024 million Web pages] determined that by far the most Web
content was in English: 56.4%; next were pages in German (7.7%), French (5.6%), and Japanese
(4.9%). A more recent study, which used Web searches in 75 different languages to sample the
Web, determined that there were over 11.5 billion Web pages in the publicly indexable Web as
of the end of January 2005. As of March 2009, the indexable web contains at least 25.21 billion
pages.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web - cite_note-71 On July 25, 2008, Google
software engineers Jesse Alpert and Nissan Hajaj announced that Google Search had discovered
one trillion unique URLs. As of May 2009, over 109.5 million websites operated. Of these 74%
were commercial or other sites operating in the .com generic top-level domain.

Statistics measuring a website’s popularity are usually based either on the number of page views
or associated server ‘hits’ (file requests) that it receives.
11.4.11 Speed Issues

Frustration over congestion issues in the Internet infrastructure and the high latency that results
in slow browsing has led to a pejorative name for the World Wide Web: the World Wide Wait.

218 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY