Page 176 - DHIN101_HINDI_I

fgUnh –I Vinod Kumar, Lovely Professional University

uksV
bdkbZµ11: Hkk"kk osQ vk/kj ,oa izÑfr

vuqØef.kdk (Contents)

mís'; (Objectives)

izLrkouk (Introduction)

11.1 Hkk"kk dh èofu&izÑfr ,oa Hkko&izÑfr

11.1.1 laLÑr osQ fu;e

11.1.2 euq"; dh mPpkj.k&lEcU/h fo'ks"krk,¡

11.2 lkjka'k (Summary)
11.3 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

11.4 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

11.5 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)

mís'; (Objectives)

bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsµ
• Hkk"kk osQ vk/kj ,oa izÑfr tkuus gsrqA
• Hkk"kk dh èofu&izÑfr ,oa Hkko&izÑfr tkuus esaA

• oqQN fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa dh izÑfr le>us gsrqA
• laLÑr osQ fu;e tkuus esaA

izLrkouk (Introduction)

Hkk"kk dh èofu&izÑfr osQ leku mldh ,d Hkko&izÑfr gksrh gS tks 'kCn&fuekZ.k] okD;&jpuk rFkk O;kdj.k osQ
fofHkUu vaxksa esa izdV gksrh gSA nl osQ ckn ge fxurs gSa] X;kjg] ckjg] rsjg] chl osQ ckn bDdhl] ckbZl] rsbZl
vkSj blh rjg bD;kucs] ckucs] rsjkucs rdA bu la[;kokpd 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ngkbZ dk vad ckn
dks vkrk gS vkSj mlesa ftruh o`f¼ gskrh gS] og vad igys jgrk gSA ;gh i¼fr laLÑr esa gSµ,dkn'k] }kn'k]
=k;ksn'k bR;kfnA xzhd esa X;kjg&ckjg osQ fy, gsUnsdk] nksnsdk 'kCn gSaA rsjg ls ^rhu vkSj nl* osQ fy, ^rsbl
dkbZ nsdk*] ^pkj vkSj nl* osQ fy, ^rsÙkkjsl dkbZ nsdk* vkfn gSa (dkbZ = vkSj)A iPphl osQ fy, ,bdkslh isUrs
(chl ik¡p)] NCchl osQ fy, ,bdksflu gsDl (chl Ng) vkfn :i gSaA

vaxzsth esa nl osQ ckn bysou] V~osYo] FkVhZu vkfn 'kCnksa esa laLÑr&fgUnh osQ leku ngkbZ dh la[;k ckn esa vkrh
gS] vkSj tks la[;k tksM+h tkrh gS] og igys gksrh gS fdUrq chl osQ ckn V~osaVh&ou] V~osaVh&Vw] vkfn Øe pyrk
gS ftlesa ngkbZ igys vkSj tksM+h tkus okyh la[;k ckn esa vkrh gSA

170 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY