Page 31 - DHIN103_ELECTIVE_HINDI_II

,sfPNd ¯gnhμII

uksV 3- Hkkookpd vkSj xq.kokpd laKkvksa dk iz;ksx ,dopu esa gksrk gSA tSlsμeSa mudh lTturk ij eqXèk
gw¡A ysfdu] tgk¡ la[;k ;k izdkj dk cksèk gks] ogk¡ xq.kokpd vkSj Hkkookpd laKk,¡ cgqopu esa Hkh
iz;qDr gks ldrh gSaA tSlsμbl xzaFk dh vusd fo'ks"krk,¡ ;k [kwfc;k¡ gSa_ eSa mudh vusd foo'krkvksa
dks tkurk gw¡A
4- izk.k] yksx] n'kZu] vk¡lw] vksB] nke] v{kr bR;kfn 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ¯gnh esa cgqopu esa gksrk gSA tSlsμ
vkiosQ vksB [kqys fd izk.k r`Ir gq,] vkiyksx vk;s] vk'khokZn osQ v{kr cjls] n'kZu gq,A
5- nzO;okpd laKkvksa dk iz;ksx ,dopu esa gksrk gSA tSlsμmuosQ ikl cgqr lksuk gS_ mudk cgqr&lk èku
cjckn gqvk_ u ukS eu rsy gksxk] u jkèkk ukpsxhA ¯drq] ;fn nzO; osQ fHkUu&fHkUu izdkjksa dk cksèk gks]
rks nzO;okpd laKk cgqopu esa iz;qDr gksxhA tSlsμ;gk¡ cgqr rjg osQ yksgs feyrs gSaA pesyh] xqykc]
fry bR;kfn osQ rsy vPNs gksrs gSaA

1-5 dkjd

laKk ;k loZuke osQ ftl :i ls okD; osQ vU; 'kCnksa osQ lkFk mudk (laKk ;k loZuke dk) lacaèk
lwfpr gks] mls (ml :i dks) ^dkjd* dgrs gSaA vFkok laKk ;k loZuke osQ ftl :i ls mudk (laKk
;k loZuke dk) fØ;k ls lacaèk lwfpr gks] mls (ml :i dks) ^dkjd* dgrs gSaA bu nks ^ifjHkk"kkvksa*
dk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd laKk ;k loZuke osQ vkxs tc ^us*] ^dks*] ^ls* vkfn foHkfDr;k¡ yxrh gSa] rc mudk
:i gh ^dkjd* dgykrk gS] rHkh os okD; osQ vU; 'kCnksa ls lacaèk j[kus ;ksX; ^in* gksrs gSa vkSj ^in* dh
voLFkk esa gh os okD; osQ nwljs 'kCnksa ls ;k fØ;k ls dksbZ yxko j[k ikrs gSaA ^us*] ^dks*] ^ls* vkfn fofHkUu
foHkfDr;k¡ fofHkUu dkjdksa dh gSaA buosQ yxus ij gh dksbZ 'kCn ^dkjdin* cu ikrk gS vkSj okD; esa vkus
;ksX; gksrk gSA ^dkjdin* ;k ^fØ;kin* cus fcuk dksbZ 'kCn okD; esa cSBus ;ksX; ugha gksrkA tSlsμ^^jkepanzth
us [kkjs ty osQ leqnz ij canjksa ls iqy c¡èkok fn;kA** bl okD; esa ^jkepanzth us*] ^leqnz ij*] ^canjksa ls* vkSj
^iqy* laKkvksa osQ :ikarj gSa] ftuosQ }kjk bu laKkvksa dk lacaèk ^c¡èkok fn;k* fØ;k osQ lkFk lwfpr gksrk gSA

dkjd osQ Hksn

¯gnh esa dkjd vkB gSa vkSj dkjdksa osQ cksèk osQ fy, laKk ;k loZuke osQ vkxs tks izR;; (fpÉ) yxk;s tkrs
gSa] mUgsa O;kdj.k esa ^foHkfDr;k¡* dgrs gSaA oqQN yksx bUgsa ijlxZ Hkh dgrs gSaA foHkfDr ls cus 'kCn:i dks
^foHkDR;ar 'kCn* ;k ^in* dgrs gSaA ¯gnh dkjdksa dh foHkfDr;ksa osQ ^fpÉ* bl izdkj gSaμ

dkjd foHkfDr;k¡
drkZ (Nominative) ú] us
deZ (Objective) ú] dks
dj.k (Instrumental) ls
laiznku (Dative) dks] osQ fy,
viknku (Ablative) ls
lacaèk (Genitive) dk] osQ dh_ jk] js] jh

vfèkdj.k (Locative) eas] ij
lacksèku (Addressive) ú] gs] vth] vgks] vjs bR;kfnA
oqQN yksx ^foHkfDr* osQ LFkku ij ^ijlxZ* fy[krs gSaA yxrk gS] ^milxZ* 'kCn osQ vuqdj.k ij ^ijlxZ* x<+
fy;k x;k gS] D;ksafd milxZ dk iwoZiz;ksx gksrk gS vkSj foHkfDr dk ijiz;ksxA ;fn milxZ dk uke iwoZlxZ gksrk]
rks foHkfDr dk uke Hkh Hkzkafr ls ijlxZ dksbZ j[k ldrk FkkA ia- fd'kksjhnkl oktis;h dk ;g dguk Bhd gS
fd ^foHkfDr* 'kCn gesa ijaijk ls izkIr gS] lqizfl¼ gSA mldh txg ^ijlxZ* pykuk fdl dke dk\ D;k ykHk\

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