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jktuhfrd fl¼kUr
uksV 11-2 lkjka'k (Summary)
• lkekftd U;k; ls HkkokFkZ ;g gS fd fdlh ns'k esa jg jgs O;fDr;ksa esa tUe] tkfr] jax] uLy vkfn osQ
vk/kj ij dksbZ HksnHkko u fd;k tk,A
• lkekftd lekurk rHkh LFkkfir gks ldrh gS] ;fn fiNM+s oxks± osQ yksxksa dks fodkl djus osQ fy, oqQN
fo'ks"k lqfo/k,¡ nh tk,¡A
• vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fcuk fdlh O;fDr osQ fy, larq"V thou O;rhr djuk yxHkx
vlaHko gSA izR;sd O;fDr dks mldh ;ksX;rkuqlkj dk;Z nsuk ljdkj dk vko';d drZO; gksuk pkfg,A
• MkW- Hkhejko jketh vEcsMdj (ckck lkfgc vEcsMdj) (1891&1956) vk/qfud Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd]
fpard] cqf¼thoh] ekuorkoknh] nfyrksa osQ elhgk rFkk lkekftd U;k; osQ la?k"kZ'khy ;ks¼k FksA
• vEcsMdj lkekftd Økafrdkjh FksA og fgUnqvksa] fo'ks"kr% czkã.kksa osQ gkFkksa viekfur gksus okys nfyr oxZ
osQ m¼kjd FksA mUgksaus nfyr leqnk; dks frjLdkj rFkk v/hurk osQ ml nyny esa ls mckjk ftlesa
/ekZU/ rFkk /eZ osQ BsosQnkj czkã.kksa us mUgsa i¡Qlk fn;k FkkA
11-3 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
1- laLÑfr (Culture)% fdlh ns'k dh os'k&Hkw"kk] Hkk"kk] [kku&iku] jgu&lgu vkfnA
2- fj;k;r (Concession)% NwV] (tSls dj (Tax) esa fj;k;r) ekfyd }kjk fdlh dks oqQN djus dk
vf/dkj nsuk ;k cspukA
11-4 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1- lkekftd U;k; dh vo/kj.kk dks le>kb,A
2- lkekftd U;k; dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
3- lkekftd U;k; ij MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj osQ fopkjksa dk mYys[k dhft,A
mÙkj% Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1- vkfFkZd 2- tkfr 3- Jfedksa
4- (c) 5- (v) 6- (l)
11-5 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
iqLrdsa 1- n ikWfyfVdy F;ksjhµvkj- osQ- i:FkhA
2- dkWUVsEizsjh ikWfyfVdy F;ksjh% U;w Mkbesa'kUl] csfld dkUlsIV~l ,aaM estj VsªUM~lµts- lh-
tkSgjhA
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