Page 72 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—3: jkT;

(4) izHkqrk o loksZifjrk (Sovereignty)–jkT; dk pkSFkk vko';d rRo izHkqrk gSA ;g vko';d ugha fd uksV
fdlh fuf'pr Hkw[k.M ij LFkk;h :i ls clk gqvk o jktuhfrd n`f"V ls laxfBr tuleqnk; ^jkT;* gh gksA og
jkT; rHkh gksxk] tc fd og ^lEiw.kZ&izHkqRo&lEiUu* Hkh gksA tc ml ij fdlh cká 'kfDr dk fu;U=k.k u gks]
rHkh ge mls jkT; dgsaxsA 5 vxLr] 1947 rd Hkkjr ^jkT;* ugha Fkk] D;ksafd ml ij fczVsu dk fu;U=k.k o
vf/dkj FkkA Hkkjr dh viuh fuf'pr Hkwfe Fkh] viuh turk Fkh] viuh ljdkj Hkh Fkh] ij ^izHkqrk* osQ vHkko
esa mls ^jkT;* ugha dgk tk ldrk FkkA ;g fczfV'k lkezkT; dk ,d vax Fkk] ^jkT;* fczfV'k lkezkT; Fkk] Hkkjr
ughaA fczfV'k lkezkT; osQ vUrxZr gkaxdkax vkfn vusd izns'k vc Hkh ,sls gSa] ftUgsa ge ^jkT;* ugha dg ldrs]
D;ksafd ^izHkqrk* dk muesa vHkko gSA
ftu jkT;ksa dk laxBu la?kkRed (isQMjy) fl¼kUr osQ vuqlkj gksrk gS] muesa ;g Hkze mRiUu gks ldrk gS fd
izHkqRo 'kfDr la?k esa fufgr gS ;k mlosQ vaxks esaA la;qDr&jkT; vesfjdk] Hkkjr vkfn la?kkRed gSA U;w;koZQ]
oSQfyiQksfuZ;k vkfn dh tgk¡ viuh&viuh i`Fko~Q ljdkjsa gSa] ogk¡ la;qDr&jkT; dh ljdkj Hkh i`FkoQ~ :i ls gSA
Hkkjr esa tgka lEiw.kZ jkT; dh osQUnzh; ljdkj gS] ogk¡ lkFk gh fcgkj] mÙkj izns'k] d'ehj vkfn dh Hkh
viuh&viuh ljdkjsa gSaA ij Hkkjrh; x.kjkT; esa izHkqrk osQoy la?k&ljdkj esa gS] mlosQ vaxksas dh ljdkjksa esa ughaA
;gh ckr vesfjdk osQ laca/ esa Hkh dgh tk ldrh gSA ,d jkT; esa izHkqrk Hkh ,d gh gksrh gSA la?k&jkT;ksa osQ
fofo/ vaxksa dh ljdkjksa dks ^izHkq* ugha dgk tk ldrkA gk¡] bfrgkl esa ,sls Hkh mnkgj.k fo|eku gSa] tcfd
dfri; ^izHkq* jkT;ksa us oqQN fof'k"V iz;kstuksa osQ fy, vkaf'kd :i ls viuk ^la?k* cuk;k gksA 1914&18 osQ
egk;q¼ ls iwoZ vkfLVª;k&gaxjh dk la?k (;wfu;u) ,slk Fkk] ftlesa fd nksuksa jkT;ksa dh ljdkjsa i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q FkhaA
nksuksa lEiw.kZ&izHkqRolaiUu jkT; Fks] ;|fi nksuksa dk jktk ,d gh FkkA lfU/&foxzg] ijjk"Vª&laca/ vkfn oqQN ekeyksa
osQ fy;s mUgksaus ijLij lg;ksx djus dh lfU/ Hkh dh gqbZ FkhA blh izdkj] 1814 osQ ckn vkfLVª;k vkSj fofo/
teZu jkT;ksa us feydj tks la?k cuk;k Fkk] mlesa Hkh fofo/ vaxksa dh izHkqrk dks izk;% v{kq..k j[kk x;k FkkA bl
izdkj osQ la?k cgqr fucZy Fks vkSj okLrfod 'kfDr mu jkT;ksa osQ gh gkFkksa esa Fkh] tks la?k esa 'kkfey FksA
vkaf'kd :i ls izHkqrk osQ e;kZfnr gksus ij Hkh jkT; dh lÙkk lEHko gksrh gSA fczfV'k dkWeuosYFk osQ vUrxZr
dukMk] vkLVsªfy;k] U;w”khyS.M vkfn tks vusd vkSifuosf'kd jkT; gSa] os vius vkUrfjd 'kklu esa iw.kZr;k LorU=k
gSa] ;|fi lfU/&foxzg o ijjk"Vª&laca/ osQ {ks=k esa mudh izHkqrk oqQN va'kksa esa e;kZfnr gSA os la;qDr jkT;&la?k
(U.N.O.) esa vius izfrfuf/ i`Fko~Q :i ls Hkstrs gSa] vUrjkZ"Vªh; lEesyuksa osQ LorU=k jkT;ksa osQ :i esa 'kfkey
gksrs gSa vkSj vius iM+ksfl;ksa osQ lkFk i`Fko~Q :i ls lfU/ o oSnsf'kd laca/ Hkh LFkkfir djrs gSaA ;g gksrs gq,
Hkh muls ;g vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd fczfV'k dkWeuosYFk osQ vUrxZr jgus osQ dkj.k fons'kh ekeyksa esa muls ;g
vk'kk dh tkrh gS] fd fczfV'k dkWeuosYFk osQ vUrxZr jgus osQ dkj.k fons'kh ekeyksa esa os fczVsu osQ ijke'kZ vkSj
lg;ksx ls dk;Z djsaA vius {ks=k ls ckgj dh ,d lÙkk (fczfV'k Økmu) osQ izfr os fu"Bk o HkfDr Hkh j[krs gSaA
bu n`f"V;ksa ls mudh izHkqrk oqQN&u&oqQN e;kZfnr vo'; gks tkrh gS_ ij D;ksafd mUgsa ;g Hkh vf/dkj gS fd
;fn os pkgsa rks fczfV'k dkWeuosYFk ls i`Fkd gks tk,a] vr% mUgsa ^jkT;* dgk tk ldrk gSA

u osQoy cká 'kfDr osQ fu;U=k.k ls gh jkT; dks eqDr gksuk pkfg;s] vfirq vius vkUrfjd {ks=k esa Hkh mldh
lÙkk loksZifj gksuh pkfg;sA jkT; dh Hkwfe esa tks Hkh euq"; o izk.kh clrs gksa ;k tks Hkh inkFkZ ml {ks=k esa fo|eku
gksa] mu lc ij jkT; dk 'kklu o vf/dkj gksuk vko';d gSA ,slk u gksus ls vjktdrk gks tk;sxh vkSj jkT;
^jkT;* ugha jgsxkA jkT; esa fuokl djus okys euq";ksa osQ vU; Hkh vusd ^leqnk;* o laxBu gksrs gSaA /kfeZd]
vkfFkZd] lkaLÑfrd] lkfgfR;d vkfn fdrus gh izdkj osQ laxBu euq"; cuk ldrs gSaA ij ;g vko';d gS fd
;s lc jkT; osQ v/hu gksa] mlosQ vkns'kksa dk ikyu djrs gksa vkSj mldh izHkqrk dks Lohdkj djrs gksaA jkT; dk
izfrLi/hZ o izfr}U}h vU; dksbZ leqnk; gks gh ugha ldrkA ,d {ks=k esa ,d gh jkT; 'kfDr jg ldrh gSA ,d

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 67