Page 73 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV jkT; esa vU; dksbZ ^jkT;* ugha jg ldrkA ;g laHko rFkk mfpr gS fd jkT; osQ dk;Z dh lgwfy;r osQ fy;s
jkt'kfDr osQ iz;ksx dks vusd LFkkuksa ij foHkDr dj fn;k tk;A Hkkjr tSls fo'kky jkT;ksa esa ,d osQUnzh; ljdkj
osQ vfrfjDr izknsf'kd ljdkjsa vkSj LFkkuh; (ftyksa o uxjksa dh) ljdkjsa LFkkfir djuk loZFkk mfpr gS] ij os
lc viuh 'kfDr ,d gh Ïksr ls izkIr djrh gSA okLrfod izHkqrk (vU; jkT;ksa osQ lkFk lEcU/&fo"k;d o
vkUrfjd) bl ,d Ïksr esa gh fufgr gSA ;g Ïksr gS Hkkjrh; jkT;] Hkkjr&Hkwfe esa LFkk;h :i ls cls gq, euq";ksa
dk ,slk leqnk;] tks fd jktuhfrd n`f"V ls laxfBr gS vkSj tks lEiw.kZ&izHkqRo&lEiUu gSA bldh izHkqRo&'kfDr
o jktlÙkk dh vfHkO;fDr Hkkjr osQ lafo/ku }kjk gksrh gS] ftlus 'kklu dh lqfo/k osQ fy;s jkt'kfDr osQ iz;ksx
dks osQUnzh; o jkT;ksa dh ljdkjksa esa foHkDr dj fn;k gSA
turk] Hkwfe] ljdkj vkSj izHkqrkµ;s jkT; osQ pkj izeq[k rRo gSaA ij buosQ vfrfjDr jkT; osQ nks rRo vkSj
gSa] ftUgsa ge LFkkf;Ro vkSj lekurk dg ldrs gSaA oLrqr%] ;s nksuksa rRo Hkh jkT; dh ,slh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa] tks mls
vU; leqnk;ksa ls i`Fko~Q djrh gSaA bu ij Hkh la{ksi ls izdk'k Mkyuk mi;ksxh gSA
(5) LFkkf;Ro (Permanence)µjkT; dk ,d vU; vko';d rRo gS] ftls ^LFkkf;Ro* dgk tk ldrk gSA
bldk vfHkizk; ;g gS fd fdlh Hkw[kaM esa clk gqvk] jktuhfrd n`f"V ls laxfBr o izHkqRolEiUu tuleqnk; lnk
^LFkk;h* jgrk gSA ;g laHko gS fd og jkT; [kafMr gks tk,] fdlh nwljs jkT; osQ v/hu gks tk, ;k fdlh vU;
jkT; osQ lkFk feydj viuh i`Fko~Q lÙkk dks [kks nsA ij ;g lc gksrs gq, Hkh tks tuleqnk; ,d ckj jktuhfrd
n`f"V ls laxfBr gksdj ^jkT;* cu tkrk gS] og fiQj dHkh ^vjktdrk* dh n'kk dks izkIr ugha gks ldrkA Hkkjr
nks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gks x;kµHkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku esaA bl ij foHkkx osQ dkj.k jkt'kfDr dk vUr ugha gks x;k]
;gk¡ osQ tuleqnk; dk jkT;Ro dk;e jgkA tc ;g ns'k vaxzstksa osQ v/hu Fkk] rc Hkh ;gk¡ osQ tuleqnk; esa
jkT;Ro fo|eku Fkk] ;|fi ;g jkT;Ro fczVsu osQ jkT; osQ vUrxZr FkkA 1914&18 osQ egk;q¼ osQ ckn lfcZ;k vius
iM+ksl osQ dfri; izns'kksa osQ lkFk feydj ;wxksLykfo;k osQ :i esa ifjofrZr gks x;k] ij bl ifjorZu osQ dkj.k
lfcZ;k o mu dfri; izns'kksa dk ^jkT;Ro* u"V ugha gks x;kA jkT; osQ {ks=k o Lo:i esa ifjorZu vkrk jgrk gS]
jkT; dh izHkqrk o jkt'kfDr Hkh fHkUu :i /kj.k djrh jgrh gS] ij bu ifjorZuksa osQ dkj.k jkT; dh LFkkf;Rok
esa vUrj ugha vkrkA
;gh dkj.k gS fd tc dksbZ jkT; fdlh vU; jkT; osQ lkFk fey tkus osQ dkj.k] foHkDr gks tkus osQ dkj.k ;k
fdlh cká lÙkk osQ v/hu gks tkus osQ dkj.k ,d u;k :i /kj.k djrk gS] rks mldh ljdkj igys jkT; dh
lEifÙk vkfn dh Lokfeuh gks tkrh gS vkSj lkFk gh mlosQ izkIrO; o nkrO; dh Hkh ftEesnkjh cu tkrh gSA fczfV'k
lkezkT; ls i`Fko~Q o LorU=k gks tkus osQ ckn uohu Hkkjrh; jkT; dh ljdkj tgk¡ fczfV'k ljdkj dh lc lEifÙk
dks izkIr fd;k gS] ogk¡ lkFk gh mldh lc nsunkfj;ksa dks Hkh viuk;k gSA egk;q¼ksa osQ vUr gksus ij tc
vUrjkZ"Vªh; lfU/;ksa }kjk jkT;ksa dk iqu% fuekZ.k gksrk gS] rks iqu% fufeZr jkT;ksa dh ljdkjsa izk;% iqjkuh nsunkfj;ksa
dks vius mQij ys ysrh gSA :l dh cksY'ksfod ljdkj us tkj'kkgh ljdkj vkSj osQjsUlh dh yksdrU=k ljdkj dh
nsunkfj;ksa dh mÙkjnkf;Ro ysus ls budkj dj fn;k FkkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk us cgqr le;
rd mldh dkuwuh lÙkk dks ekuuk Lohdkj ugha fd;k FkkA ;g ge igys izfrikfnr dj pqosQ gSa fd ljdkj osQ
ifjorZu ls jkT; dh LFkkf;Rok esa vUrj ugha iM+rkA ljdkj vkSj jkT; nks fHkUu oLrq,a gSaA ljdkj esa cgq/k ifjorZu
vkrs jgrs gSa] ljdkj vLFkk;h gksrh gSA blosQ foijhr ^LFkkf;Ro* jkT; dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ rRo gSA
(6) jkT;ksa dh lekurk (Equality)µvUrjkZ"Vªh; O+kQkuwu dh n`f"V ls lc jkT; ,d leku gksrs gSaA Hkwfe]
turk o lSU;'kfDr dh n`f"V ls jkT;ksa esa Hksn Li"V gSA dksbZ jkT; cM+k gS] dksbZ NksVkA dksbZ 'kfDr'kkyh] dksbZ fucZy
ij vUrjkZ"Vªh; {ks=k esa lcdh fLFkfr ,d leku gksrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd la;qDr jkT;la?k esa lfEefyr lc jkT;ksa
dks la?k dh tujy vlsEcyh esa ,d cjkcj fLFkfr iznku dh xbZ gS vkSj lcdk oksV ,d leku j[kk x;k gSA

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