Page 79 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV miHkksDrkvksa vkSj mRikndksa] Jfedksa vkSj iwathifr;ksa o tehnkjksa vkSj Ñ"kdksa osQ leqnk;ksa esa ijLij fojks/ mRiUu
gksA ml n'kk esa bl fojks/ dks nwj djus osQ fy;s] bldk iSQlyk djus osQ fy;s dksbZ rks loksZifj lÙkk gksuh gh
pkfg;sA ;g loksZifj lÙkk gh jkT; gSA ;g Hkh eku yhft;s fd Jfedksa vkSj iwathifr;ksa] Ñ"kdksa vkSj tehankjkas o
miHkksDrkvksa vkSj mRikndksa esa dksbZ Hksn ugha gS_ euq";ksa dk lEiw.kZ vkfFkZd thou ,d laxBu essa laxfBr gks x;k
gS_ ftl izdkj jkT; euq";ksa dk jktuhfrd leqnk; gS] oSls gh euq";ksa dk ,d lokZÄõiw.kZ vkfFkZd leqnk; Hkh cu
x;k gSA bl n'kk esa Hkh ,slh fLFkfr mRiUu gks ldrh gS fd euq";ksa dks vkfFkZd fgrksa vkSj jktuhfrd fgrksa esa
fojks/ mRiUu gksA jkT; dh j{kk o fLFkfr osQ fy;s cM+h&ls&cM+h oqQckZuh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA jkT; }kjk euq";ksa
osQ thou dh og ifjfLFkfr mRiUu gksrh gS] ftlls os cká vkSj vkH;Urjµlc izdkj osQ Hk;ksa ls eqDr jgrs gq,
vius fgr vkSj dY;k.k esa O;kIr jgsaA bl fLFkfr dks mRiUu djus okys leqnk; (jkT;) dks ;g vf/dkj gksuk
gh pkfg;s fd og vko';drk iM+us ij euq";ksa osQ vU; leqnk;ksa dks vius fu;U=k.k esa j[k losaQA
;g lgh gS fd vk/qfud ;qx esa euq";ksa osQ vU; leqnk;ksa dk egÙo Hkh cgqr vf/d gSA ij tSlk fd ge mQij
fy[k pqosQ gSa] vU; leqnk; fdUgha fof'k"V mís';ksa dks lEeq[k j[kdj laxfBr gksrs gSa] tcfd jkT; euq";ksa osQ
lkoZtfud o loZlkekU; fgr dks lEeq[k j[kdj LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gSA jkT; osQ vHkko esa vjktdrk Nk tk;sxh]
eRL; U;k; gks tk;sxkA euq"; osQ thou] ikyu o mUufr osQ fy;s ,d ,slh lÙkk dh vko';drk gS] tks lcdks
vius fu;U=k.k esa j[ksa] tks loksZifj gksA vU; leqnk;ksa dk ekuo thou esa pkgs fdruk gh egÙo D;ksa u gks] ij
os jkT; dh lerk ugha dj ldrsA ekuo thou esa ,d fu;Urk o loksZifj lÙkk dk jguk vko';d gSA blh lÙkk
dks ge jkT; dgrs gSaA

(4) leqnk;ksa dk leqnk;µjkT; (State as an association of associations)

jkT; osQ Lo:i dks Li"V djrs gq, dfri; fopkjdksa us jkT; rFkk vU; leqnk;ksa osQ ikjLifjd laca/ksa dks fo'ks"k
egÙo fn;k gS vkSj mUgha osQ vk/kj ij jkT; dk y{k.k fd;k gSA bl izdkj osQ fopkjdksa dks nks oxks± esa foHkDr
fd;k tk ldrk gSµ,dleqnk;okn osQ leFkZd (Monists) vkSj cgqleqnk;okn osQ leFkZd (Pluralists)A
,dleqnk;okn osQ leFkZd jkT; dks lc ekuoleqnk;ksa esa loksZifj o loksZRÑ"V ekurs gSa vkSj vU; lc leqnk;ksa
dks jkT; osQ v/hu le>rs gSaA izfl¼ xzhd nk'kZfud vfjLVksVy blh fopkj/kjk osQ vuq;k;h FksA muosQ vuqlkj
jkT; ¶ifjokjksa vkSj xzkeksa osQ ,d leqnk;¸ dk uke gSA ftl ;qx esa vjLrq gq,] ml le; xzhl esa cgqr&ls
NksVs&NksVs uxj&jkT;ksa (City States) dh lÙkk FkhA bu uxj&jkT;ksa esa vusd xzke laLFkk,¡ (Village Commu-
nities) vkSj ifjokj (families) vUrxZr gksrs FksA izR;sd ifjokj dk ,d viuk laxBu gksrk Fkk] ftlosQ vè;{k
;k eqf[k;k dks ^oqQyeq[;* dgrs FksA xzke laLFkk,¡ Hkh i`Fko~Q :i ls laxfBr gksrh Fkha] ftuosQ eqf[k;k ^xzkeh.k*
dgykrs FksA jkT; bu nksuksa dh rqyuk esa mQ¡pk leqnk; Fkk] ftlesa ;s fuEuoxZ osQ leqnk; vUrxZr gksrs FksA bl
izdkj vjLrq us jkT; dks ^leqnk;ksa dk ,d ,slk loksZifj leqnk;* izfrikfnr fd;k] ftldk mís'; laiUu thou
dh izkfIr gksA bl fopkj osQ vuqlkj vU; lc leqnk; jkT; osQ led{k u gksdj mlls ghu fLFkfr j[krs gSa vkSj
jkT; dh fLFkfr mudh rqyuk esa mRÑ"V o mPprj gksrh gSA

lksygoha lnh esa cksnka (Bodin) uked izsaQp fopkjd us Hkh vjLrq osQ fopkj dk leFkZu djrs gq, jkT; osQ
Lo:i dks bl <ax ls Li"V fd;k Fkkµ¶jkT; ifjokjksa vkSj muosQ lkewfgd vf/dkj esa fo|eku lÙkkvksa dk ,d
,slk leqnk; gS] ftldk 'kklu ,d loksZifj 'kfDr vkSj foosd }kjk gksrk gSA¸ cksnka osQ bl y{k.k osQ vuqlkj
jkT; cgqr&ls ikfjokfjd leqnk;ksa dh 'kfDr vkSj lEifÙk osQ ml lkewfgd Lo:i dk uke gS] ftldk 'kklu ,d
fof/or~ fufeZr ljdkj }kjk gksrk gSA

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