Page 80 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—3: jkT;

vk/qfud ;qx esa iQkflLV fopkjdksa us jkT; dks vR;f/d egÙo nsrs gq, mls loksZifj leqnk; vkSj vU; lc uksV
leqnk;ksa dks mlosQ vUrxZr o mlosQ lk/uHkwr :i esa izfrikfnr fd;k gSA iQkflLV fl¼kUr osQ vuqlkj jkT; dk
fuekZ.k O;fDr;ksa }kjk u gksdj ^jk"Vªh; n`f"V ls fØ;k'khy O;fDr;ksa osQ lewgksa* }kjk gksrk gSA ftl izdkj 'kjhj
osQ dbZ vo;o gksrs gSa] oSls gh jkT; osQ Hkh vusd vax gksrs gSaA mi;ksxh] vkfFkZd o lkekftd dk;ks± esa yxs gq,
O;fDr ftu lewgksa ;k leqnk;ksa eas laxfBr gksrs gSa] mUgha ls feydj jkT; dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS] mUgha dks ge jkT;
osQ vax le> ldrs gSa] iss'ks o dk;Z ij vk/kfjr bu lewgksa ;k xzqiksa dh lÙkk LokHkkfod vkSj vko';d gSA izR;sd
euq"; osQ fy;s ;g LokHkkfod vkSj mfpr gS fd tks vU; O;fDr mlh osQ ln`'k is'ks o dk;Z dj jgs gksa] muosQ
lkFk feydj og viuk ,d lewg ;k leqnk; cuk,A bu leqnk;ksa dk laxBu bl <ax ls gksuk pkfg;s fd vU;
leqnk;ksa osQ lkFk lg;ksx djosQ jk"Vªh; fgr osQ lEiknu esa leFkZ gks losaQA jkT; dh ikfyZ;kesaV esa vkfFkZd n`f"V
ls laxfBr bu leqnk;ksa dks gh izfrfuf/Ro feyuk pkfg;sA ikfyZ;kesaV esa izfrfuf/;ksa osQ pquko osQ fy;s izknsf'kd
fuokZpu {ks=k (Territorial constituencies) u gksdj is'ks o vkfFkZd dk;Z ij vk/kfjr leqnk;ksa dks gh vius
izfrfuf/ Hkstus dk volj fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA bl izdkj iQkflLV fopkjdksa osQ vuqlkj jkT; ,sls leqnk;ksa dk
loksZifj leqnk; gS tks fd vkfFkZd dk;ks± o is'kksa osQ vk/kj ij laxfBr gksaA vU; leqnk; jkT; osQ led{k ugha
gSa] mudh fLFkfr jkT; dh rqyuk esa ghu gSA vU; leqnk; vkfFkZd vk/kj ij laxfBr gksrs gSa vkSj jkT;:ih loksZPp
leqnk; osQ lkFk os jk"Vªh; fgr osQ fy;s lg;ksx djrs gSaA
vk/qfud ;qx osQ cgqleqnk;oknh fopkjd jkT; osQ bl Lo:i dk leFkZu ugha djrsA muosQ vuqlkj euq";ksa dh
lkekftdrk osQ vusd igyw gSaA bu lcdks jkT; osQ {ks=k esa yk lduk laHko ugha gSA /kfeZd] lkaLÑfrd] vkfFkZd
vkfn n`f"V;ksa ls Hkh euq"; vius dks vusd leqnk;ksa esa laaxfBr djrk gSA jktuhfrd n`f"V ls equ";ksa us viuk tks
leqnk; cuk;k gS] jkT; mlh dk uke gSA ij /kfeZd] vkfFkZd vkfn n`f"V ls Hkh euq";ksa us vius fofo/ leqnk;
laxfBr fd;s gSa] ftudh fLFkfr jkT; osQ gh led{k gSA jkT; dks muls mQ¡pk ekuuk fdlh Hkh izdkj mfpr ugha
dgk tk ldrkA blfy;s gesa jkT; dks ^leqnk;ksa dk leqnk;* u ekudj vU; leqnk;ksa dk led{k gh le>uk
pkfg;sA D;ksafd vU; leqnk; Hkh euq";ksa osQ fy;s mrus gh LokHkkfod o mi;ksxh gSa ftruk fd jkT;] blfy, jkT;
dks muls mRÑ"V o loksZifj ugha ekuk tk ldrkA jkT; dk drZO; osQoy bruk gS fd og euq";ksa osQ lkewfgd
laca/ksa dh lewph O;oLFkk esa ,d izdkj dh ,drk o ,d:irk dks LFkkfir djsA
cgqleqnk;okn osQ fo"k; esa fiNys izdj.k esa foospuk dh tk pqdh gSA bl fopkj/kjk osQ vuqlkj jkT; osQ
vfrfjDr vU; leqnk;ksa dk egÙo Hkh bruk vf/d c<+ tkrk gS fd mu ij fdlh fu;U=k.k osQ vHkko esa lekt
esa vjktdrk dh n'kk mRiUu gks ldrh gSA blesa lUnsg ugha fd izHkqrk ;k loksZifjrk jkT; dh ,d ,slh fo'ks"krk
gS] tks vU; leqnk;ksa esa ugha ik;h tkrhA cgqleqnk;okn dh vis{kk ,dleqnk;okn rF; osQ vf/d vuqowQy gSA
lekt esa O;oLFkk dk;e j[kus osQ fy;s ;g vko';d gS fd ,d ,slh loksZifj lÙkk gks tks O;fDr;ksa o muosQ
fofo/ leqnk;ksa osQ dk;ks± o xfrfof/ ij fu;U=k.k j[k losaQA vfjLVksVy us vius ;qx dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks n`f"V
esa j[krs gq, jkT; osQ ftl Lo:i dk izfriknu fd;k Fkk] og orZeku ;qx esa Hkh rF; osQ vuq:i gSA vk/qfud
dky esa Hkh jkT; osQ laca/ esa ;g ckr dgh tk ldrh gS fd fofo/ ekuo leqnk; mlosQ {ks=kkf/dkj osQ vUrxZr
gS vkSj og mu lc ij viuk fu;U=k.k bl <ax ls LFkkfir djrk gS rkfd os euq";ksa osQ loZlkekU; fgrksa osQ lk/u
esa lgk;d gksaA

(5) oxZ laxBu osQ :i esa jkT; dk Lo:i (State as a class structure)

dfri; fopkjdksa osQ vuqlkj jkT; ,d ,sls fof'k"V oxZ (Class) dk laxBu ek=k gS] tks fd vU; oxks± ij gkoh
gksA bl er osQ izeq[k izorZd os lektoknh (Socialist) fopkjd gSa] tks jkT; dks ,d oxZ fo'ks"k }kjk vU;
oxks± dk 'kks"k.k djus dk lk/uek=k le>rs gSaA dkyZ ekDlZ osQ er esa vk/qfud jkT;laLFkk iwathifr oxZ }kjk xjhcksa

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