Page 9 - DENG201_ENGLISH_II

Unit 1: Functional English Grammar—Types of Sentences, Sentence Structure

2. Dependent clauses. Notes
A Dependent clause begins with a subordinator such as when, while, if, that, if, or who. This
clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence by itself. It
is formed with:
Subordinator + subject + verb ( + complement)
For examples;
…although students normally spend four years in college..
….if I declare my monitor now….
…when they come to the United States…
A partial list of subordinators follows in the chart of clause connectors. Study the chart, and
then refer to it when you do practice.
3. Clause connectors
These groups of words are used to connect clause in order to form different kinds of sentences.
They are subordinators ( subordinating conjunctions), coordinators ( coordinating
conjunctions), and conjunctive adverbs.
Some clause connectors are given below:
(i) Subordinators ( subordinating conjunctions):
after before that when which
although even though though whenever While
as how unless where who
as if if until wherever whom
as soon as since what whether whose
because so that
(ii) Coordinators ( coordinating conjunctions):
You can remember the seven coordinators by the phrase FAN BOYS:
for and nor but or yet so
(iii) Conjunctive adverbs:
accordingly furthermore in contrast meanwhile on the other hand
besides hence indeed moreover otherwise
consequently however instead nevertheless therefore
for example in addition likewise nonetheless thus
Self-Assessment
1. Write INDEP next to the independent clauses and put a period (.) after them. Write DEP next to
the dependent clauses.
(i) Jet lag affects most long-distance travelers
(ii) Which is simply the urge to sleep at inappropriate times
(iii) During long journeys through several time zones, the body’s inner clock is disrupted
(iv) For some reason, travel from west to east causes greater jet lag than travel from east to west.
(v) Also, changes in work schedules can cause jet lag
(vi) Although there is no sure way to prevent Jet Lag

1.2 Types of Sentences (on the Basis of Purpose)
Sentences can be classified on the basis of their purpose and structure.
Lets classify sentences by their purpose.
By purpose sentences can be classified into five kinds:

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