Page 113 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_HINDI

bdkbZ—6% VkWel gkWCl

gksus osQ dkj.k yksx mudk mYya?ku djrs Fks ftlls la?k"kZ iuiFkk FkkA bl fLFkfr osQ fuokj.k osQ fy, Hkh uksV
lEizHkq lÙkk dh LFkkiuk dh vko'drk gqbZA
4- izkÑfrd dkuwuksa dk ikyu yxkrkj rHkh gks ldrk Fkk tc mudk mYya?ku djkus okyksa dh mfpr n.M
nsus okyh fdlh n.M'kfDr dk vfLrRo gksA vr% bl dkj.k Hkh ,d lEizHkqrk dh LFkkiuk vko';d gks
xbZA
(5) lkekftd le>kSrs }kjk jkT; dh mRifÙk (Origin of the State through Social Contract)μizkÑfrd
vjktd voLFkk ls NqVdkjk ikus osQ mís'; ls gkWCl osQ vuqlkj euq";ksa us vkil esa ,d le>kSrk] lafonk] vuqcUèk
vFkok djkj (Contract) djosQ vjktd n'kk dk vUr fd;kA izR;sd O;fDr bl vk'k; dh 'kiFk ysrk gSμ¶eSa
bl O;fDr dks ;k lewg dks bl 'krZ ij viuk vf/dkj nsrk gwa rFkk Lo;eso vius ij 'kklu djus osQ vf/dkj
dk ifjR;kx djrk gwa fd rw Hkh vius vf/dkj blh izdkj O;fDr dks nsxk vkSj Lo'kklu osQ vf/dkj NksM+ nsxkA¸
,slk djus ij lkjk tuleqnk; ,d O;fDr esa la;qDr gks tkrk gS] bls jkT; (Common Wealth) ;k ysfVu Hkk"kk
esa ^uxj* (Civita) dgrs gSaA blls igys lekt vkSj jkT; dh lÙkk ugha FkhA bl rjg tc lHkh euq"; lafonk dh
izfrKk djrs gSa rks lafonk djus okys O;fDr;ksa dk lewg ^jkT;* dgykrk gSA ftl O;fDr ;k O;fDr lewg dks lafonk
djus okys ekuo vius vf/dkj lkSairs gSa] og nh?kZdk; ^ysfo;kFku* gS vkSj og turk dh 'kkfUr o izfrj{kk osQ
fy, i`Foh ij ekuo nso dh Hkkafr gSA
(6) jkT; dk Lo:i (Characteristics of the State)μbl izdkj vuqcU/ ;k le>kSrs }kjk gkWCl ,slh neukRed
'kfDr dh l`f"V djrk gS tks blosQ iwoZ ugha FkhA og le>kSrs }kjk nks dk;ks± dh iw£r djrk gSμizFke] og ,d O;ofLFkr
vkSj lH; lekt dh LFkkiuk djrk gS vkSj f}rh;] og ,d ,sls jkT; dh LFkkiuk djrk gS ftlesa euq"; vius
leLr izkÑfrd vf/dkjksa dk ifjR;kx dj ,d fujaoqQ'k izHkq dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA og dgrk gS fd le>kSrs osQ
}kjk fu£er jkT; O;fDr;ksa dks vk'oklu nsrk gS fd mldh cká vkSj vkUrfjd 'k=kqvksa ls j{kk dh tk,xhA ,slk
rHkh gks ldrk gS tc lc euq"; jkT; dh vkKk ikyu djus dk vk'oklu nsa vkSj jkT; dh lEiw.kZ 'kfDr fldh
,d O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa osQ leqnk; esa ifjosf"Br dj nh tk,A ,slk O;fDr gh lcdh bPNkvksa dks ,d 'kfDr'kkyh
bPNk osQ :i esa ifjo£rr dj ldrk gSA tks O;fDr bl 'kfDr dk izrhd gksxk og lEizHkq ;k jkT; dgyk,xkA
gkWCl dk lEizHkq (jkT; ;k ysfo;kFku) iw.kZ :i ls fujaoqQ'k gSA le>kSrs }kjk muosQ bPNkvksa osQ LFkku ij ,d bPNk
dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA lEizHkq osQ vkns'k gh dkuwu gSa vkSj mldk izR;sd dk;Z U;k;iw.kZ gksrk gSA izHkqlÙkk dks yksxksa
ij vlhe vf/dkj izkIr gksrsa gSaA yksxksa dk ,dek=k dk;Z lEizHkq osQ vkns'kksa dk ikyu djuk gSA
la{ksi esa] le>kSrs osQ ckn lekt ,oa jkT; dk izknqHkkZo gqvk rFkk dyk] lkfgR;] foKku] O;kikj vkfn dk Jhx.ks'k
gqvkA gkWCl osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶ml egku~ nSR; (ysfo;kFku vFkok jkT;)] ml eR;Z izHkq dk blh izdkj ls tUe gksrk
gSA ;g ogh eR;Z izHkq gS ftldh Ñik ij] vej bZ'oj dh N=kNk;k esa gekjh 'kkfUr vkSj lqj{kk fuHkZj gSA¸ lkekftd
le>kSrs }kjk gkWCl ^fujaoqQ'k jktrU=kkRed jkT;* (Absolute Monarchy) dh LFkkiuk djrk gSA
gkWCl osQ lkekftd le>kSrk fl¼kar dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Salient Features of Hobbes’s
Social Contract Theory)

gkWCl }kjk izfrikfnr lkekftd le>kSrk fl¼kar dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaμ
1- bldh igyh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd le>kSrk lkekftd gS] 'kkldh; ughaA 'kkldh; vuqcU/ esa 'kkld vkSj
'kkflrksa esa le>kSrk gksrk gS] fdUrq gkWCl dk le>kSrk jktk vkSj iztk osQ eè; ugha gS] fdUrq fofHk O;fDr;ksa
osQ chp gqvk gSA lafonk djus okys i{k O;fDr gSa tks vkil esa ,d&nwljs osQ lkFk lafonk djosQ lEizHkq
('kkld) dh l`f"V djrs gSaA vr,o lafonk dh 'krZ 'kkld ij ykxw ugha gksrhA
2- 'kkld ;k lEizHkq lÙkk le>kSrs esa fdlh Hkh i{k osQ :i esa lfEefyr ugha gSa] vr% og tks oqQN Hkh djrh
gS mlosQ fy, og fdlh osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h ugha gksrh rFkk og iw.kZr% fujaoqQ'k gksrh gSA

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