Page 189 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_HINDI

bdkbZ—9% tsjseh csUFke

osQ b'kkjksa ij ukpus okys gksrs gSaA vr% csUFke ljy] lqLi"V ,oa O;kogkfjd dkuwuksa osQ fuekZ.k fd;s tkus uksV
osQ i{k esa Fkk ftlls fd turk mUgsa ljyrk ls le> losQ rFkk odhy ,oa U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fujaoqQ'krk ,oa
LokFkZijrk ls viuh j{kk dj losQA
n.M&O;oLFkk ,oa tsy lqèkkj (Punishment and Prison Reforms)

csUFke osQ dky esa iQkStnkjh dkuwu vR;Ur dBksj FkkA NksVs&NksVs vijkèkksa osQ fy, e`R;q&n.M dh ltk nh tkrh
FkhA csUFke us bldk fojksèk fd;kA mlus dgk fd iQkStnkjh dkuwu euq";ksfpr gks rFkk vijkèk ls vfèkd dHkh
Hkh n.M ugha fn;k tkuk pkfg,A vijkèk dk fu.kZ; vkuUn vkSj ihM+k osQ ekin.M ls djuk pkfg,A mldk
dguk Fkk fd n.M Lo;a ,d cqjkbZ gS vkSj ihM+k dk dkj.k gSA n.M osQoy mlh le; nsuk pkfg, tcfd mlls
Hkh vfèkd cM+s d"V dk fuokj.k djuk gksA vfèkd n.M ls ykHk osQ cnys gkfu gksrh gSA mlus n.M osQ 12
fu;e vkSj 12 gh y{k.k cryk,A
csUFke osQ vuqlkj n.M nsrs le; pkj ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,μ

1- vijkèk fdl izdkj dk gS\
2- ifjfLFkfr;k¡ ftuesa vijkèk fd;k x;k gSA
3- vijkèkh dk mís'; (motive) D;k gS\
4- vijkèk ls fdl izdkj osQ O;fDr dks gkfu igqaph gS\
csUFke osQ erkuqlkj n.M fu"i{k gksuk pkfg, rFkk mlosQ }kjk vijkfèk;ksa dks psrkouh feyuh pkfg, vFkkZr~ n.M
dks lkoZtfud :i ls fn;k tkuk pkfg,A og {kek osQ fo#¼ FkkA
csUFke dk er Fkk fd n.M ls gksus okys ifj.kkeksa dk vUnkt yxkrs le; vijkèkh osQ lqèkkj dk Hkh è;ku j[kuk
pkfg,A mldk fo'okl Fkk fd n.M&O;oLFkk mfpr gksus ij vijkèkh dks lqèkkjk tk ldrk gS vkSj mls iqu% lekt
dk mi;ksxh ,oa lEekfur lnL; cuk;k tk ldrk gSA blh vkèkkj ij csUFke us vijkfèk;ksa osQ iquokZl osQ fy, vusd
egRoiw.kZ lqèkkjksa dk leFkZu fd;k Fkk] tSls dkjkokl esa vijkfèk;ksa dks vkS|ksfxd f'k{kk nsukA vijkfèk;ksa osQ nSfud
thou dks O;ofLFkr djus osQ fy, Hkh csUFke us ,d ;kstuk cuk;h ftldks mlus ^iSuksfIVdu* (Panoptican) uke
fn;k FkkA bl ;kstuk osQ vuqlkj dkjkxkj dh bekjrsa v¼Z&pUnzkdj cuk;h tk;sa ftlls fd tsy dk vfèkdkjh vius
fuokl LFkku ls tsy dh lHkh dksBfj;ksa ij Hkyh&Hkkafr n`f"V j[k losQA bl ;kstuk dh eq[; ckrsa FkhaμlkoèkkuhiwoZd
fujh{k.k] lgkuwHkwfriwoZd vuq'kklu rFkk mUur okrkoj.kA tsy osQ le; mijkfèk;ksa dks izkjfEHkd f'k{kk osQ lkFk&lkFk
ykHkizn O;olk; dh Hkh f'k{kk nsuh pkfg,A lkFk gh vijkfèk;ksa osQ lqèkkj gsrq mUgsa uSfrd ,oa èkkfeZd f'k{kk Hkh nh
tkuh pkfg,A bl izdkj muesa vPNs pfj=k dk fuekZ.k gks losQxk vkSj tsy ls NqVus osQ i'pkr~ os iqu% lekt osQ
LoLFk ukxfjd cu losaQxsA ;kstuk osQ vuqlkj dkjkokl ls NwVus ij vijkfèk;ksa dks de&ls&de rc rd osQ fy,
dksbZ dke Hkh fn;k tkuk pkfg, tc rd fd os turk dk iqu% fo'okl izkIr u dj yssaA
;|fi csUFke }kjk fn;s x;s lHkh lq>koksa dks muosQ thoudky esa dk;kZfUor ugha fd tk ldk fiQj Hkh muosQ le;
ls vc rd tks Hkh dkjkxkjksa rFkk vuqrkiky;ksa (Penitentiaries) esa O;kid lqèkkj fd;s x;s gSa vkSj vkS|ksfxd
fo|ky;ksa rFkk lqèkkj'kkykvksa (Reformatories) dh tks LFkkiuk gqbZ gS mu lcdh izsj.kk mUgha ls izkIr gqbZ gS vkSj
mu lcdk vkèkkj os gh fl¼kar gSa ftudks csUFke us izfrf"Br fd;k FkkA

f'k{kk ;kstuk (Scheme for Education)μfofèk;ksa] n.M&O;oLFkk rFkk jkT; osQ foèkku] vkfn osQ fy, gh csUFke us
lqèkkjoknh ;kstuk,¡ ugha cuk;ha] f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa Hkh mlus lqèkkjoknh ;kstuk,¡ cuk;ha Fkhaμ,d xjhc vkSj vukFk cPpksa
osQ fy, vkSj nwljh eè; rFkk mPp oxZ osQ ckydksa osQ fy,A izFke ;kstuk osQ vuqlkj vukFk ckydks dks pfj=k lEcUèkh
f'k{kk nh tkuh pkfg, rFkk blosQ lkFk gh mUgsa dksbZ mi;ksxh dyk&dkS'ky fl[kkuk pkfg, ftlls fd os viuh
vkthfodk dekus esa leFkZ gks losaQA buosQ lkFk gh mUgsa ckSf¼d fodkl lEcUèkh f'k{kk Hkh nh tkuh pkfg,A eè;

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