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ik'pkR; jktuhfr fopkj
uksV rRdkyhu ;wukuh uxj jkT;ksa dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ lUnHkZ esa bldk egRo furkUr Li"V gSA IysVksdkyhu ;wukuh
lekt eas cM+h vO;oLFkk iSQyh gqbZ Fkh vkSj izR;sd jkT; èkuh rFkk fuèkZu] nks ijLij fojksèkh oxks± esa caVs gq,
FksA ml le; ^ftldh ykBh mldh HkSal* dk fl¼kar fØ;kRed :i esa rks izpfyr Fkk gh] Fkzslhesdl tSls
lksfiQLV fopkjd cqf¼ ,oa roZQ dh n`f"V ls Hkh bls U;k; laxr Bgjk jgs FksA buosQ fojksèk esa uSfrdrk vkSj
lnkpj.k dks izfrf"Br djus osQ fy, rFkk rRdkyhu jkT; vkSj lkekftd O;oLFkk dh oqQjhfr;ksa dks nwj djus
osQ fy, IysVks us Js"B rdks± osQ vkèkkj ij U;k; ij fopkj dks izfrikfnr fd;kA la{ksi esa] IysVks dk U;k; LoèkeZ
dk fl¼kar gS] lnkpj.k dk fl¼kar gS] uSfrdrk dk fl¼kar gS] tks dkuwuh U;k; dh vis{kk dgha vfèkd O;kid
gSA
1-5 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
• vfHkjkeμvkd"kZd O;fDrRoA
• galksM+μg¡leq[k] g¡lus&eqLdjkus ,oa izlUu jgus okykA
1-6 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1. IysVks osQ thouo`Ùk dk o.kZu dhft,A
2. IysVks osQ vkn'kZ jkT; osQ fl¼kar dh O;k[;k dhft,A
3. IysVks ij lqdjkr dk lS¼kafrd izHkko FkkA bl dFku dh leh{kk dhft,A
4. IysVks osQ vkn'kZ jkT; dh voèkkj.kk dk vkykspukRed ewY;kadu dhft,A
5. D;k IysVks dk vkn'kZ jkT; dkYifud gS\ fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
6. IysVks osQ U;k; fl¼kar dk fo'ys"k.kkRed o.kZu dhft,A
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1. 1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (?k)
2. 1. nk'kZfud 2. U;k; osQ fl¼kar 3. nk'kZfud jktk
3. 1. lR; 2. lR; 3. vlR;
1-7 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
1. jktuhfrd fopkjksa dk bfrgkl (IysVks ls coZQ)μMk- izHkqnÙk 'kekZ] dkyst cqd fMiks] t;iqj]
fnYyhA
2. jktuhfrd ¯pru osQ vkpk;Zμ fgUnh ekè;e dk;kZUo; funs'kky;] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;A
3. ik'pkR; jktuhfrd fpUru dk bfrgkl (IysVks ls ekDlZ)] Mk- ch- ,y- iQfM+;k lkfgR; Hkou
ifCyosQ'ku] vkxjkA
22 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY