Page 26 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ1% rqyukRed jktuhfr dh çd`fr vkSj fo"k; {ks=k

(>) LFkkf;Ro vkSj O;ofLFkr ifjorZu osQ :i esa jktuhfrd fodkl (Political development as uksV
stability and orderly change)— jktuhfrd fodkl dks LFkkf;Ro vkSj O;ofLFkr ifjorZu dh O;oLFkk Hkh
ekuk tkrk gSA ftu jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa esa ifjorZu dh lqfuf'pr vkSj O;ofLFkr izfofèk;ka izpfyr jgh rFkk tgka
vuko';d mFky&iqFky ugha gksrh gks os jktuhfrd fodkl dh voLFkk esa ekuh tkrh gSA ;gka LFkkf;Ro lkekftd]
vkfFkZd] lkaLd`frd vkSj jktuhfrd lHkh igyqvksa ls lEcfUèkr yxrk gSA blh rjg bUgha {ks=kksa esa O;ofLFkr ifjorZu
dh O;oLFkk dks jktuhfrd fodkl dgk tk,xkA bl vFkZ esa ;g lkekU; fodkl dh O;k[;k dgh tk ldrh gS]
jktuhfrd fodkl dh O;k[;k ;g ugha gks ldrhA jktuhfrd fodkl dk bu igyqvksa ls osQoy lEcaèk gh gS] ;g
bu ij iw.kZr;k vkfJr ugha jgrk gSA bl vFkZ esa nks dfBukb;ka vkSj mRiUu gksrh gSaA ,d rks ;g fd O;ofLFkr
ifjorZu fdu fofèk;ksa }kjk fu"ikfnr ifjorZu dks dgk tk,xkA bl ij lgefr gks gh ugha ldrhA nwljh dfBukbZ
;g gS fd LFkkf;Ro osQ laosQrd dkSu&dkSu ls cuk, tk,aA vr% jktuhfrd fodkl dks bl :i esa le>us dk iz;kl
Hkh fo'ks"k lgk;d ugha gSA
(V) 'kfDr&lapkjd osQ :i esa jktuhfrd fodkl (Political development as mobilization of

power)— jktuhfrd O;oLFkk viuh iw.kZ 'kfDr dk iz;ksx fdl Lrj vFkok ek=kk esa djrh gS bl vkèkkj ij mudh
fodkl voLFkk dks ekius dh ckr Hkh i;kZIr egÙo j[krh gSA fodkl okyh jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa esa 'kfDr osQ
iz;ksx dh vko';drk ugha jgrh gSA blesa ;g vk'k; Hkh lfUufgr gS fd jktuhfrd O;oLFkk fodkl osQ fy, fdruh
'kfDr lekt ls tqVk ikrh gSA 'kfDr tqVkuk rHkh lEHko gksrk gS tcfd ljdkj dks LokHkkfod tu&leFkZu izkIr
gksrk jgsA ,slh voLFkk rHkh vk,xh tc 'kklu esa tu&lgHkkfxrk gksxhA bldks fodkl dh fLFkfr ekuk tkrk gSA
;g vFkZ vUrr% jktuhfrd fodkl dk yksdrU=k osQ lkFk lEcUèk dj nsrk gS vkSj ogh isphnfx;ka mRiUu gks tkrh
gSa ftudh ppkZ ge blls igys yksdrU=k osQ fodkl osQ :i esa dj vk, gSaA
(B) lkekftd ifjorZu dh cgq&fn'kk;qDr izfØ;k osQ ,d igyw osQ :i esa jktuhfrd fodkl (Political

development as an aspect of a multidimensional process of social change)— bl :i esa
jktuhfrd fodkl dks lkekftd izfØ;k osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa esa ls ,d igys ekudj O;k[;kf;r fd;k x;k gSA
bl lEcUèk esa ;g rks Bhd gS fd jktuhfrd fodkl dk ifjorZu dh lkekftd izfØ;k ls ?kfu"B lEcUèk gS ij
blls ;g mldk ,d igyw ugha cu tkrk gSA jktuhfrd {kerk] vkfFkZd ;k lkekftd {kerk ls vo'; izHkkfor
gksrh gS fdUrq] budks bldk fu.kkZ;d ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA blfy, jktuhfrd fodkl dks lkekftd ifjorZu
dh cgq&fn'kk;qDr izfØ;k osQ ,d igyw osQ :i esa ugha le>k tk ldrk gSA
jktuhfrd fodkl dh bu O;k[;kvksa osQ laf{kIr foospu ls ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fd jktuhfrd fodkl dh voèkkj.kk
osQ vFkZ ij vR;fèkd erHksn gSA bl o.kZu ls ;g Hkh ckr mHkjrh gS fd fofHkUu fopkjd] jktuhfrd fodkl dks
vyx&vyx n`f"Vdk.kksa osQ vkèkkj ij jktuhfrd fodkl dk fofHkUu igyqvksa ls lEcUèk gksrs gq, Hkh ;g vius
vki esa i`Fkd vkSj lqfuf'pr y{k.kksa okyh voèkkj.kk gSA blfy, bldks fdlh O;k[;k fo'ks"k ls ckaèkuk u rks okaNuh;
gS vkSj u gh bldh okLrfodrk izd`fr dks Li"V djus osQ fy, vko';d gSA vxj ;FkkFkZoknh n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kk
tk, rks jktuhfrd fodkl dh ;g lHkh O;k[;k,a ,di{kh; vkSj bl dkj.k vèkwjh gSaA bu O;k[;kvksa esa fopkjd
osQ n`f"Vdks.k fo'ks"k osQ vkèkkj ij jktuhfrd fodkl dks le>kus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS tks vkaf'kd :i ls gh
ekuk tk ldrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd Y;wf'k;u ikbZ us bu lc O;k[;kvksa dks ,di{kh; ;k viw.kZ ekudj vLohdkj
fd;k gS vkSj Lo;a viuh O;k[;k izLrqr dh gSA
ikbZ jktuhfrd fodkl dh voèkkj.kk ij xgjkbZ ls fopkj djus okys fopkjdksa esa izeq[k vkSj vxz.kh fopkjd gSaA ikbZ
osQ vuqlkj jktuhfrd fodkl dk vFkZ djrs le; blosQ fuekZ.kd rÙoksa dks è;ku esa j[kuk vko';d gSA mlosQ vuqlkj
ge jktuhfrd fodkl dks rhu Lrjksa ij gksus okys fodklksa osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrs gSaA mlosQ vuqlkj jktuhfrd
fodkl osQ fpã jktuhfrd O;oLFkk osQ rhu fHkUu&fHkUu Lrjksa ij ns[ks tkrs gSaA Mk- ,l- ih- oekZ us bu rhu Lrjksa dks
fuEufyf[kr lanHkks± ;k igyqvksa osQ :i esa foosfpr fd;k gS& (i) lEiw.kZ tula[;k osQ lUnHkZ esa] (ii) 'kkldh; vkSj
lkekU; O;oLFkkbZ fu"iknu osQ Lrj osQ lUnHkZ esa] vkSj (iii) jktuhfr osQ laxBu osQ lUnHkZ esaA

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