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boQkbZμ3% lafoèkku vkSj lafoèkkuokn

blosQ ihNs vko';oQ gS foQ lafoèkku jktuhfroQ la?k"kZ oQk çHkko'kkyh <ax ls lhekaoQu o <kapk LFkkfir oQjs vkSj uksV
Hkkoh çxfr osQ fy, fooQkl l{ke ;kstuk çLrqr oQjsaA le;] ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj vko';oQrkvksa esa ifjorZu osQ lkFk
gh lkekftoQ ekU;rkvksa] ewY;ksa o vkn'kks± esa gsj&iQsj Hkh gksrk jgrk gSA oQkypØ esq xqtjrk gqvk lekt] u;s]
ifj"oQ`r vkSj laof¼Zr xUrO;ksa oQks çkIr oQjus oQk y{; fuèkkZfjr oQjrk tkrk gSA bu uohu vkLFkkvksa oQh O;ogkj
esa çkfIr oQh ;kstuk gj lafoèkku esa lfÂfgr gksuh pkfg,] ftlls lafoèkku lekt oQks fn'kkReoQ lqLi"Vrk ls ;qDr
j[k losQA vxj foQlh jkT; oQk lafoèkku ,slh O;oLFkk ugha j[krk gS rks ifjofrZr o vçR;kf'kr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa og
lekt oQh cnyrh gqbZ ekU;rkvksa oQk çrhoQ ugha jg tk,xkA u;s vkfFkZoQ fooQklksa vkSj lekt osQ u;s lewgksa oQh
Hkh jktuhfroQ çHkko roQ igqap gksrh jgsA bu lewgksa oQh jktuhfroQ 'kfDr roQ igqap rHkh gks loQrh gS tc lafoèkku
esa ,slh O;oLFkk gks foQ] ftuoQk leFkZu lekIr gks tk, rks mUgsa LFkku ysus nsa] tks vc roQ lÙkk ifjfèk ls ckgj
FksA blosQ fy, ;g vko';oQ gS foQ lafoèkku Hkfo"; osQ lEHkkfor fooQklksa oQk Js"Bre lkèku ugha curk og 'kh?kz
gh lekt oQh vkèkkjHkwr ekU;rkvksa ls foyx gksrk tkrk gSA ,slk lafoèkku lekt oQh vkoQka{kkvksa oQh çkfIr oQk lkèku
u jgoQj mloQk ckèkoQ cu tkrk gSA ;g voLFkk lafoèkkuokn oQh lekfIr oQk çkjEHk gSA lafoèkku oQh xfrghurk
oQk lwpoQ gSa ;g lekt oQks vuko';oQ toQM+uksa esa ckaèkoQj çxfr osQ iFk ij tM+rk ykrk gS vkSj og lafoèkkuokn
oQk xyk ?kksaVrk gSA blfy, lafoèkku oQk fooQkl osQ funs'koQ osQ :i esa gksuk lafoèkkuokn oQh O;ogkfjoQrk gj le;
cuk, j[kus osQ fy, vfuok;Z gSA ;g lafoèkkuokn esa lthork o xR;kReoQrk ykus okyk rÙo gS tks le; ifjorZu
osQ lkFk vk, lekt osQ ewY;ksa esa ifjorZu osQ vuqoQwy lEiw.kZ laoSèkkfuoQ O;oLFkk oQks <kyus oQh Lor% gh O;oLFkk
cu tkrk gSA
(?k) lafoèkku jktuhfroQ 'kfDr oQk laxBoQ (The constitution as an organiser of political authroity)
μ lafoèkku osQoy ljoQkj oQh lhekvksa oQh LFkkiuk gh ugha oQjrk vfirq ljoQkj oQh fofHkUu laLFkkvksa esa 'kfDr;ksa
oQk {kSrhth; o yEckReoQ forj.k Hkh oQjrk gSA lafoèkku ;g O;oLFkk Hkh oQjrk gS foQ ljoQkj osQ oQk;Z vfèkoQkj
;qDr jgsa] vkSj Lo;a ljoQkj Hkh oSè; (legitimate) jgsA vxj oQksbZ lafoèkku ljoQkj osQ oQk;ks± oQks vfèkoQkj ;qDr
o Lo;a ljoQkj oQks oSè; ugha cukrk rks ,slh ljoQkj o lafoèkku vfèkoQ fnu roQ LFkkbZ ugha jg loQrs gSa rFkk] ,slh
jktuhfroQ O;oLFkk esa lafoèkkuokn jktuhfroQ 'kfDr oQk laxBoQ ugha jgrkA blls Li"V gS foQ lafoèkku }kjk gj
jktuhfroQ O;oLFkk esa jktuhfroQ 'kfDr oQk laxBu gksuk vko';oQ gS] D;ksafoQ lafoèkkokn oQh vfHkO;fDr lafoèkku
}kjk o bloQh O;ogkj esa çkfIr ljoQkj }kjk gh lEHko gSA
oQksbZ Hkh lafoèkku jktuhfroQ 'kfDr oQk laxBoQ mlh voLFkk esa jgrk gS tcfoQ lafoèkku }kjk ;g O;oLFkk gks foQ
ljoQkj osQ oQk;Z vfèkoQkj&;qDr jgsa] rFkk ljoQkj Lo;a oSè; jgsA lafoèkku ljoQkj oQks vfèkoQkj;qDr mlh voLFkk
esa cuk loQrk gS tc ;g ljoQkj osQ çfrf"Br vkèkkjksa rFkk lgefr;qDr çfØ;kvksa oQk foospoQ o çrhoQ gksA ,slk
u gksus ij jktuhfroQ lekt ijLij fojksèkh nkoksa ls mRiUu oQj] ljoQkj oQh 'kfDr oQks {kh.k oQjrk gSa tc oQHkh
lafoèkku lekt osQ ewyHkwr ewY;ksa osQ erSD; ij vkèkkfjr gks] bl çoQkj osQ erSD; oQk çrhoQ jgs vkSj ,sls erSD;
oQk iks"koQ cus rks ljoQkj vfèkoQkj ;qDr curh gSA ,slh laoSèkkfuoQ O;oLFkk ij vkèkkfjr ljoQkj oQk fojksèk ugha
gksrk gSA lekt] lafoèkku o ljoQkj esa ikjLifjoQrk] lg;ksx o vuqoQwyrk jgrh gSA ljoQkj osQ oQk;Z vfèkoQ`r
(authoritative) jgrs gSa rFkk lafoèkku tu&ekul esa o turk osQ fnyksa esa lekbZ ekU;rkvksa oQks çfrfcfEcr oQjrk
gSA bloQk ;g vFkZ Hkh ugha gS foQ ljoQkj vfèkoQkj&;qDr cuh jgus osQ fy, ewyHkwr elyksa ij turk osQ erSoQ;
oQh vfHkO;fDr ek=k gh oQjrh jgs] oju~ ljoQkj oQks blls vfèkoQ Hkh oQqN oQjuk gksrk gSA ljoQkj oQks ,slh oQk;Z&'kSyh
oQh LFkkiuk oQjuh gksrh gS ftlls blosQ çfr fo'okl tkx`r gks vkSj yksxksa esa blosQ çfr fu"Bk o jktHkfDr cuh
jgsA ljoQkj oQks bl çoQkj oQk;Zjr jguk pkfg, ftlls bloQh fØ;kvksa o oQk;Z&oQykiksa }kjk lafoèkku esa fufgr
èkkj.kkvksa o ewY;ksa oQks çHkko'kkyh o çrhoQkReoQ (symbolic) jgrh gS] vfirq ljoQkj oQh vfèkoQkj;qDrrk
O;ogkfjoQ Hkh curh gSA ;g rHkh lEHko gksrk gS tc ljoQkj oQk laxBoQ lafoèkku] osQoy ekU; fl¼kUrksa oQk lkekU;
foospu gh ugha oQjs] vfirq ljoQkj oQh okLrfooQ oQk;Z&ç.kkyh oQh lqLi"V O;k[;k o O;oLFkk Hkh oQjsA lkFk gh

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