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rqyukReoQ jktuhfr vkSj ljoQkj

uksV gksrk gSA bruk gh ugha] oQgha&oQgha lafoèkku esa lafoèkkuokn osQ rÙo rks fufgr gksrs gSa ijUrq O;ogkj esa lafoèkku çHkkoh
ugha gksrk] vfirq vkSipkfjoQ gh jgrk gSA ,slh voLFkkvksa esa jktuhfroQ laLFkkvksa oQh LFkkiuk o lapkyu lafoèkku
osQ vuq:i ugha gksoQj] mlls fHkUu çoQkj ls gksrk gSA bl vUrj oQks lafoèkkuokn osQ rÙoksa osQ lanHkZ esa lgh le>k
tk loQrk gSA
(oQ) lafoèkku vifjgk;Z laLFkkvksa oQh vfHkO;fDr (The constitution as an embodiment of essential
institutions)μ lkekU;r;k] lHkh fyf[kr lafoèkkuksa esa ljoQkj osQ çeq[k inkfèkoQkfj;ksa] mlosQ fofHkUu vaxksa] muoQh
'kfDr;ksa vkSj mu ij yxh lhekvksa oQk mYys[k gksrk gSA tgk¡ fyf[kr lafoèkku ugha gksrk gS vkSj vxj og laoSèkkfuoQ
jkT; gS] rks ,sls jkT; esa çeq[k ljoQkjh laLFkkvksa oQh LFkkiuk o muoQh 'kfÙkQ;ksa o lhekvksa oQk fu'p; ,sfrgkfloQrk
ls gksrk gSA lafoèkku pkgs fyf[kr gks ;k fooQflr o vfyf[kr] mlesa O;oLFkkfioQk] oQk;ZikfyoQk o U;k;ikfyoQk
osQ laxBu] oQk;ks± o muosQ ikjLifjoQ lEcUèkksa oQh Li"V O;oLFkk] lafoèkkuokn oQh vfHkO;fDr osQ fy, vfuok;Z gSA
lafoèkku esa ljoQkj osQ fofHkUu Lrjksa o vaxksa oQh 'kfDr;ksa oQh O;k[;k gh ugha gks oju~ muosQ ikjLifjoQ lEcUèkksa oQk]
mu ij yxh lhekvksa vkSj muoQh oQk;Zfofèk oQk Li"V mYys[k Hkh gksuk pkfg,] vU;Fkk lafoèkku] lafoèkkuokn oQh
vfHkO;fDr oQk lkèku ugha cu loQrkA orZeku jkT;ksa esa lafoèkku oQh lthork oQk ekin.M gh ;g gS foQ lafoèkku
oQgk¡ roQ ljoQkj oQh vkèkkjHkwr laLFkkvksaμ O;oLFkkfioQk] oQk;ZikfyoQk o U;k;ikfyoQk rFkk jktuhfroQ nyksa] lewgksa
,oa ç'kkloQh; lsokvksa oQh leqfpr O;oLFkk o LFkkiuk oQjrk gSA vxj foQlh lafoèkku }kjk vkèkkjHkwr jktuhfroQ
laLFkkvksa oQh LFkkiuk o muoQh 'kfDr;ksa oQh Li"V O;k[;k ugha gksrh gS rks ,slh O;oLFkk esa lafoèkkuokn lEHko ugha
gksrk gSA ,sls jkT;ksa esa jktuhfroQ 'kfDr;ksa osQ ç;ksxoQÙkkZ vius vfèkoQkj{ks=k esa bPNkuqlkj o`f¼ oQjosQ 'kklu 'kfDr;ksa
osQ nq#i;ksx oQk volj çkIr oQj ysrs gSaA blfy;s lafoèkku esa vkèkkjHkwr laLFkkvksa oQh Li"V O;oLFkk] lafoèkkuokn
oQk ,oQ egÙoiw.kZ rÙo gSA

([k) lafoèkku jktuhfroQ 'kfDr oQk çfrcUèkoQ (The Constitution as restraint upon political power )μ
fiuksoQ o fLeFk rks çfrcaèkksa oQks lafoèkkuokn oQk ewy eU=k ekurs gSaA gj jkT; esa ljoQkj laoSèkkfuoQ cuk, j[kus osQ
fy,] mloQk foQlh u foQlh çoQkj fu;a=k.k O;oLFkk osQ vèkhu gksuk vko';oQ gS oSls rks lafoèkku }kjk ljoQkj osQ
ra=k oQh LFkkiuk ek=k gh 'kfDr oQh fu;a=koQ O;oLFkk cu tkrh gS] fiQj Hkh lafoèkku Li"V :i ls ljoQkj oQh 'kfDr;ksa
oQk lhekaoQu Hkh oQjs ;g vko';oQ gSA blls ljoQkjh fØ;k lqfuf'pr gks tkrh gS ftlls 'kkflr] 'kkloQksa osQ
LosPNkpkjh oQ`R;ksa ls cps jgsa] vkSj 'kklu osQoy fofèk gh osQ vuq:i lapkfyr gksrk jgsA blosQ fy, gj yksoQrkfU=koQ
jktuhfroQ O;oLFkk osQ lafoèkku esa oQqN ,sls çkoèkku foQ;s tkrs gSa] tks ljoQkj oQks gj le; o gj oQne ij fu;af=kr]
çfrcfUèkr oQjrs gq, vius vfèkoQkj {ks=k esa lhfer j[krs gSa vkSj lafoèkku oQk O;ogkj esa foQlh Hkh vfèkoQkjh }kjk
mYya?ku ugha foQ;k tkrk gSA lkèkkj.kr;k] gj yksoQrkfU=koQ jkT; esa oQqN u oQqN fu;a=k.k 'kkloQksa ij yxk, tkrs
gSaA eksVs rkSj ij ;g fu;a=k.k gSμ (1) fofèk osQ 'kklu oQh LFkkiuk] (2) ekSfyoQ vfèkoQkjksa oQh O;oLFkk] (3) jkT;
oQh 'kfDr;ksa osQ foHkktu] i`FkDoQj.k o foosQUæhoQj.k oQh O;oLFkk] rFkk (4) lkekftoQ cgqyokn oQh ifjfLFkfr;ksa
oQks cuk, j[kus oQh O;oLFkkA

bu fu;a=k.k O;oLFkkvksa osQ ekè;e ls ljoQkj o ukxfjoQ] nksuksa gh vius vfèkoQkj o oQk;Z {ks=k esa lhfer jgus osQ
fy, ckè; gks tkrs gSaA ,oQ }kjk vfèkoQkj {ks=k oQk vfrØe.k Lor% gh nwljs }kjk bu fu;a=k.kksa osQ ekè;e ls vojksfèkr
oQj fn;k tkrk gSA ,slh O;oLFkk esa] lafoèkku lekt osQ vkn'kks±] vkLFkkvksa vkSj jktuhfroQ ewY;ksa oQh çkfIr oQk lkèku
cuk jgrk gSA vxj foQlh jkT; esa lafoèkku }kjk ,sls çfrcUèk LFkkfir ugha foQ;s tkrs gSa rks ;g lafoèkku jktuhfroQ
vkpj.k oQk funs'koQ o fu;a=koQoQrkZ ugha jg ikrk gSA ,slh fu;a=koQ eqÙkQ jktuhfroQ O;oLFkk esa 'kkloQ LosPNk ls
lc oQqN oQj loQrs gSa vkSj ftl jkT; esa 'kkloQ mUeqÙkQ gksoQj lc oQqN oQj losQa] ogk¡ lafoèkkuokn lEHko ugha
gks loQrk gSA blfy;s lafoèkku oQk jktuhfroQ 'kfÙkQ oQk çfrcUèkoQ gksuk lafoèkkuokn oQk vkèkkjHkwr rÙo gSA

(x) lafoèkku fooQkl oQk funs'koQ (The constitution as the director of development)μ lafoèkku] ,oQ
çHkkoh jktuhfroQ 'kfDr osQoy orZeku esa gh u gks vfirq lqnwj Hkfo"; esa Hkh çHkkoh jktuhfroQ 'kfDr cuk jgsA

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