Page 14 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV ftldh izd`fr bldh iztkfr] oa'k vkSj laLd`frd osQ vk/kj ij fof'"V izdkj dh dgh tk ldrh gSA vr% ,d
latkfr&lewg og lkekftd lewg gS ftlosQ lnL;ksa dh ,sfrgkfldrk vkSj dqN y{k.k tSls iztkfr] tutkfr]
Hkk"kk] /eZ] os'kHkw"kk vkSj [kku&iku vkfn ,d tSls gSaA buesa ls dqN y{k.kksa osQ iqat dks ,d lewg esa ik, tkus
ij mldks ,d latkfr&lewg dg ldrs gSaA bldh vuqHkwfr lewg osQ lnL;ksa o vU; lewgksa osQ lnL;ksa dks gksuk
vko';d gSA izfLFkfr vksj ekU;rk dks ,d fof'"V lkekftd vfLrÙo osQ :i esa ikus osQ fy, bl vkÙe&izÙ;{k.k
dks latkrh; psruk dgk tk ldrk gSA latkrh;rk ,d fLFkj ;k iwoZ&fu/kZfjr dksfV ugha gSA ,d cgqy lekt
esa dqN lnL;ksa }kjk lkekU;] vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd fgrksa dh vfHkO;fDr vkSj muosQ
cpko dks latkrh;rk dh laKk nh tk ldrh gSA bl izdkj dHkh&dHkh latkrh;rk dks lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj
jktuSfrd mís';ksa dks izkIr djus osQ fy, tqVko osQ ,d lk/u osQ :i esa dke esa fy;k tkrk gSA
laLd`fr dk lEcU/ yksxksa ls gS] vkSj lc yksx viuh laLd`fr dks ilUn djrs gSaA bZ- ch- Vkbyj osQ vuqlkj
¶laLd`fr og tfVy loZ;ksx gS ftlesas Kku] vkLFkk dyk] vkpkjuhfr] fof/] izFkk] vU; {kerk,¡ vkSj vknrsa
'kkfey gSa tks euq"; us lekt osQ ,d lnL; gksus osQ ukrs vftZr dh gSaA¸ ¶laLd`fr i;kZoj.k dk ekuo&fufeZr
Hkkx gSA¸ vr% lHkh latkrh; bdkb;k¡ lkaLd`frd lewg gSa] vkSj blfy, fofHkUu yksxksa dh ekudh; ekU;rkvksa
osQ lUnHkZ esa mudh fLFkfr leku gSA vr% latkrh;rk ,d lkaLd`frd rF; gS] vkSj bl izdkj dksbZ Hkh laLd`fr
¶Js"B¸ ;k ¶fuEu¸ ugha gSA lafo/ku osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr ,d /eZfujis{k jkT; gS ftlesa tkfr] er] {ks=k] Hkk"kk vkSj
/eZ vkfn osQ vk/kj ij foHksn vkSj HksnHkko osQ fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA yksxksa dks ¶ewy vf/dkj¸ iznku fd,
x, gSa ftuosQ vuqlkj vk| ;k iznÙk fopkjksa osQ fy, vk/qfud Hkkjr esa dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA

1-2-1 latkrh;rk ,oa laLd`fr
,d latkrh;rk lewg osQ lnL; ;g lksp ldrs gSa fd mudk lewg ,d vf}rh; izdkj dk gSA os izk;% leku
oa'kØe] lkaLd`frd fojklr] Hkk"kk] /eZ vksj vkfFkZd fgrksas osQ vk/kj ij okLrfod ;k dkYifud lkewfgdrk osQ
lUnHkZ esa lksprs gSaA lHkh latkrh; lewg lkewfgdrk gksus osQ nkos osQ mijkUr Hkh vkarfjd :i ls Lrjhd`r gSaA
latkrh;rk Hkkjr dh lkekftd lajpuk dk ,d Hkkoqd igyw cu pqdk gSa] vkSj blfy, vkt latkrh; njkjsa]
>xM+s] fgalk vkSj ikjLifjd uiQjr ikbZ tkrh gSA D;k latkrh; lewg oxZ gSa\ D;k os tkfr lewg dh rjg gSa\
Hkkjr esa cgqlkeqnkf;d ;k cgqlatkrh; tkfr vkSj oxZ ij vk/kfjr lewg ijLij&O;kir gSaA lkekftd Lrjhdj.k
vkSj vfHkKku osQ rhu vk/kjksa vFkkZr~ latkrh;rk] tkfr vkSj oxZ esa foHksn le>us osQ fy, bu lewgksa dh lUnHkZrk
dks le>uk egÙoiw.kZ gSA
,d ns'k esa vusd leqnk; ik;s tkrs gSa] budh mÙifÙk vkSj izolu osQ ckjs esa rF;ksa ls budh lH;rk osQ bfrgkl
dk cks/ gksrk gSA vkt Hkkjr dh tula[;k 100 djksM+ ls vf/d gSA vkt ls yxHkx 80 o"kZ igys lj gjcVZ
fjT+kys us Hkkjr esa fgUnqvksa esa 2378 eq[; tkfr;ksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh nhA fo[k.Mu vkSj lkekftd xfr'khyrk
osQ dkj.k ;g la[;k vc rks fu'p; gh 3000 ls vf/d gks xbZ gSA fofHkUu tkfr;ksa esa fookg ltkrh;] vlaxks=kh;
vkSj ekrk&firk osQ lehi lEcfU/;ksa osQ ifjgk;Z fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gq, fd, tkrs gSaA bu tkfr lewgksa osQ
vfrfjDr eqlyeku] bZlkbZ] fl[k] ikjlh] tSu vkSj vusd tkutkrh; lewg leqnkl gSa ftuls fookg vkSj
lkekftd vU;ksU;fØ;k vius&vius leqnk; rd lhfer gSA
dHkh&dHkh latkrh; lewg vius rFkkdfFkr okLrfod fgrksa osQ dkj.k ,d&nwljs osQ fo#¼ gks tkrs gSaA bl rjg
dk Vdjko lkEiznkf;drk dk :i Hkh /kj.k dj ysrk gSA ,slh voLFkk esa dqN lewg viuh cgqla[;k 'kfDr ;k
Js"B lkekftd mn~xr dk ykHk mBkdj jk"Vªh; lk/uksa osQ vf/dre Hkkx dks Lo;a osQ fy, gfFk;kus esa liQy
gks tkrs gSaA vU; y?kq leqnk;ksa dks mudk mfpr fgLlk ugha fey ikrkA bl dkj.k fofHkUu latkrh; lewgksa e s a
ikjLifjd vfo'okl] fojfDr vkSj :[ksiu dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mÙiUu gks tkrh gSA latkrh; lewgksa dks ¶vk| lewg¸
dgk tkrk gSA ,d er gks ;g gS fd latkrh; la?k"kZ dk ewy dkj.k ¶lkis{k oapu¸ gSA ¶foj.k&U;k;¸ foHksnd

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