Page 150 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV ij mPp f'k{kk xzg.k djus] izolu vkSj ukSdjh djus ij izfrcUèk yxk j[ks gSaA lgh ckr rks ;g gS fd iq#"kksa vkSj
iq#"kksa }kjk fu£er okrkoj.k us fL=k;ksa dks ijkèkhu cuk fn;k gSA fL=k;ksa dks iq#"kksa osQ lkFk lerk dh [kkst dks
le>us dh n`f"V ls geus izkphu] eè;dkyhu] fczfV'k ,oa Lora=k Hkkjr dky esa fL=k;ksa dh izfLFkfr] efgyk
laxBuksa dh Hkwfedk] foèkku] lkekftd vkUnksyu vkSj L=kh&iq#"k lacaèkksa dk fo'ys"k.k bl vè;k; esa fd;k gSA

9-1 ¯yx&Hksn (Gender Discrimination)

o"kks± ls oqQN lekt'kkL=kh ,oa xSj&lekt'kkL=kh gekjs lekt esa fL=k;ksa dh leL;kvksa osQ ewY;kadu ,oa mudh
izfLFkfr esa vk jgs ifjorZuksa osQ vè;;u esa iz;Ru'khy jgs gSaA oqQN ys[kdksa us tc fL=k;ksa osQ mÙkjkfèkdkj]
lkoZtfud dk;ks± esa mudh Hkkxhnkjh ,oa fookg esa muosQ dkuwuh vfèkdkjksa osQ lanHkZ esa fy[kk gS] oqQN vU;
(ys[kdksa) us iq#"kksa }kjk muosQ lkFk HksnHkkoiw.kZ O;oLFkk dk fo|eku jhfr&fjoktksa osQ lanHkZ esa foospu fd, gSaA
oSèkkfud n`f"V ls fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr dks maQpk mBkus osQ fy, pkgs fdrus Hkh dne mBk, x, gksa] O;kogkfjd n`f"V
ls muosQ lkFk HksnHkkoiw.kZ joS;k] rFkk mudk frjLdkj] vieku o izrkM+uk vHkh Hkh tkjh gSA vc Hkh mudk er
tkuus osQ fy, xaHkhjrk ugha n'kkZbZ tkrh] mUgsa iq#"kksa osQ leku ugha le>k tkrk] rFkk mudks mfpr lEeku ugha
fn;k tkrkA ,sls mnkgj.k gSa tgk¡ dfu"B inkfèkdkjh fL=k;k¡ ofj"B inkfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk ijs'kku dh tkrh gSa rFkk
ofj"B dkedkth efgyk fyfidksa] VkbfiLVksa vkfn osQ lkFk nqO;Zogkj fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls izdj.k Hkh lkekU; :i
ls feyrs gSa ftuesa iq#"k vius vèkhu dk;Zjr efgykvksa osQ lkFk VsyhiQksu ,DlpsUtksa esa] lfpoky;ksa esa] lekpkj
i=k dk;kZy;ksa esa] iaprkjk gksVyksa esa] nwjn'kZu osQUnzksa esa] fo'ofo|ky;ksa rFkk fo|ky;ksa esa] rduhdh laLFkkuksa vkfn
esa lalwpd izLrko (suggestive overtures) j[krs gSa o dkeqd :i ls gSjku djrs gSaA
L=kh iq#"kksa osQ lEcUèkksa esa] lcy O;fDrRo okyk O;fDr gh izHkko'kkyh fLFkfr izkIr djrk gSA lkekU; :i ls] iq#"k
L=kh ij vkèkkfjr vkKk nsus dk vfèkdkj le>rk gS] ;|fi oqQN ekeyksa esa L=kh Hkh iq#"k osQ mQij fu;a=k.k j[kus
dh fLFkfr esa jgrh gSA Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa izkjEHk ls gh lewg osQ :i esa fL=k;ksa ij iq#"kksa us izHkqRo tek;k gS vkSj
lekt o ifjokj esa mudh fLFkfr fuEu j[kh gSA 1930 vkSj 1940 osQ n'kdksa esa lkekftd jktuSfrd usrkvksa dh
lekurk osQ fy, izfrc¼rk us Hkkjrh; efgykvksa osQ mnkj lerkoknh ewY;ksa osQ fy, fd, tk jgs vkUnksyu dks
izHkkfor fd;kA fL=k;ksa dh n'kk esa bl ifjorZu osQ vè;;u osQ fy, ge izkphu dky ls gh izkjEHk djsaxsA

9-1-1 izkphu Hkkjr esa fL=k;k¡

izkphu Hkkjr esa fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr ls lacafèkr nks fopkj lEiznk; feyrs gSaA ,d lEiznk; dguk gS fd fL=k;k¡
¶iq#"kksa osQ cjkcj¸ Fkha] tcfd nwljs lEiznk; dh ekU;rk gS fd fL=k;ksa dk u osQoy vieku gh gksrk Fkk cfYd
muosQ izfr ?k`.kk Hkh dh tkrh FkhA nksuksa gh lEiznk;ksa us vius n`f"Vdks.k dh iqf"V esa èkkfeZd lkfgR; ls mnkgj.k
fn, gSaA vkiLrEc us fufnZ"V fd;k Fkk% ¶tc L=kh jkLrs esa tk jgh gks rks lHkh mls jkLrk nsa¸A ge ftudk lEeku
djrs gSa muosQ lkFk ;gh O;ogkj djrs gSa] vr% ;g n'kkZrk gS fd fL=k;ksa dks mPp LFkku izkIr FkkA euq us dgk
Fkk% ¶tgk¡ fL=k;ksa dh nqnZ'kk gksrh gS ogk¡ lEiw.kZ ifjokj fouk'k dks izkIr gksrk gS] fdUrq tgk¡ os lq[kh gSa ogk¡
ifjokj lnSo le`f¼ dks izkIr djrk gSA¸ ;kKoYd us Hkh dgk gS% ¶fL=k;k¡ i`Foh ij leLr nSoh; xq.kksa dk izrhd
gS_ lkse us viuh leLr ifo=krk mUgsa iznku dh gS] xkUèkoZ us e`nq ok.kh] rFkk vfXu us mUgsa vR;Ur vkd"kZd
cukus osQ fy, viuh leLr ped mu ij U;ksNkoj dj nh gSA¸ fL=k;ksa osQ fo"k; esa brus Åaps vkn'kZ jkek;.k
,oa egkHkkjr esa Hkh LFkku&LFkku ij nksgjk, x, gSaA egkHkkjr dky esa fL=k;k¡ u osQoy x`gLFk thou dk osQUnz
Fkha cfYd leLr lkekftd laxBu dh vkèkkj&fcUnq FkhaA ,slh vk'kk dh tkrh Fkh fd iq#"k viuh iRuh dh bPNk
osQ vkxs ur gksxk rFkk mldk lsok o iwtk djsxkA

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