Page 170 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_ENGLISH

Unit 8: Race and Ethnicity

ethnic subgroups was straightforward, since the dominant subgroup shared the same category Notes
label as the nation (e.g., Czech and Czech Republic, Russian and Russia). Accordingly, all
respondents who indicated another ethnic origin were classified as members of Subordinate
minorities. Participants who refused to answer the ethnicity question or who indicated mixed, other
or unspecified origins were left unclassified.
In the Anglo-Saxon countries, majority groups themselves are former immigrant groups. In the
U.S. sample, we distinguished European immigrants (Dominant majority group) from African,
Caribbean, Arab, Asian and Hispanic Americans who were categorized as Subordinate minorities.
In Canada, European immigrants (mostly but not exclusively from British descent) were classified
as the majority group, with the exception of the French Canadians who were assigned the
subordinate minority status, togather with a small number of more recent immigrants.
We first assessed mean differences of national and ethnic identification between majority and
minority groups for each national context separately (Table 8.1). Results reveal that in four out of
eleven countries, majorities had higher levels of national identification than did minorities. The
largest difference was observed in Canada where the Anglophones were clearly more identified
with the nation than the Francophones. In all the remaining cases, the difference was not significant.
Thus, the prediction of a higher levels of superordinate identification for majorities is partially
confirmed when one looks at the countries separately. The overall effect clearly supports this
general conjecture : majorities (M = 3.28) tend to have higher levels of national identification than
minorities (M = 3.00).
Table 8.1
Mean Levels of National Identification and Ethnic Identification as a Function of National
Status
National identification Ethnic identification
2
η
Minorities
Difference
Majorities F η 2 Majorities F
Difference
Minorities

Canada 3.24 2.70 .54 101.39*** .084 2.48 3.09 -.61 110.48*** .097
Slovak Republic 3.33 2.90 .43 49.05*** .036 3.51 3.55 -.03 <1 .000

West Germany 3.01 2.61 .39 12.04** .012 3.11 2.75 .36 9.54** .009
Latvia 3.34 3.17 .17 5.07* .007 - -
Great Britain 2.87 2.69 .18 1.47 .002 - -

Bulgaria 3.64 3.56 .08 1.41 .001 3.83 3.87 -.03 <1 .001

Russia 3.21 3.18 .03 <1 .000 2.89 2.54 .35 13.42*** .011
U.S. 3.15 3.13 .02 <1 .000 3.06 3.43 -.37 16.94*** .020
Czech Republic 3.40 3.38 .02 <1 .000 3.59 2.66 .94 120.56*** .129

New Zealand 3.54 3.54 .00 <1 .000 3.16 3.30 -.14 <1 .001
Slovenia 3.42 3.43 .00 <1 .000 3.60 2.44 1.17 89.47*** .087

Total 3.28 3.00 .28 149.99*** .014 3.28 3.20 .08 7.99** .001

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