Page 134 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—7% oxZ

;ksxsUnz¯lg us viuh iqLrd lks'ky psUt bu bf.M;k % Økblsl ,.M jsthysUl (Social Change in India : uksV

Crises and Resilience, 1993) esa dgk gS fd Hkkjr esa eè;e oxZ dk mn~xe O;kikjhdj.k dh o`f¼ vkSj
vkS|ksfxd fodkl osQ lkFk vk;k gSA vaxzstksa us gekjs ;gk¡ vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr dk lw=kikr fd;kA blosQ dkj.k fons'kh
vkSj LFkkuh; /fudksa us iw¡th dk fuos'k m|ksx vkSj rduhdh nksuksa esa fd;kA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd ;gk¡
m|e'khyrk (Entrepreneurship) dk rs”kh ls fodkl gqvkA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd 'kgjksa esa eè;e oxZ dk
vkfoHkkZo gqvk vkSj b/j xk¡oksa esa Hkh blh rjg dk ,d u;k oxZ iSnk gqvkA vc dM+h rknkr esa ljdkjh deZpkjh
xk¡oksa esa izos'k djus yxsA blls igys xk¡oksa esa ;fn dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh Fkk rks og iVokjh Fkk] iqfyl dk flikgh
Fkk ;k taxy dk xkMZ FkkA eè;e oxZ osQ uke ij ;s bus&fxus rhu pkj yksx FksA ysfdu tc 1950 osQ ckn
lkewnkf;d fodkl [k.M izkjEHk fd;s x;s rc ,d iwjk dk iwjk ljdkjh ;U=k xk¡oksa esa iSnk gks x;kA xzke lsod
ls ysdj fodkl vf/dkjh rd xzkeh.k fodkl osQ vksgnsnkj cudj vk x;s vkSj b/j nwljh vkSj Ñf"k esa iapo"khZ;
;kstukvksa osQ dkj.k mRiknu c<+ x;kA mRiknu vc ck”kkj esa vkus yxkA eryc gqvk mRiknu vc fdlku Lo;a
osQ miHkksx dk u gksdj ck”kkj esa fcØh osQ fy, vkus yxkA gfjr ØkfUr vk;h vkSj Ñf"k esa iw¡thoknh dk lw=kikr
gqvkA bu lc dkjdksa us xk¡oksa esa Hkh eè;e oxZ dks iSnk fd;kA ;gk¡ ge flyflys ls Hkkjr esa eè;e oxZ osQ
vkfoHkkZo dk mYys[k djsaxsμ
1- O;kikfjd vkSj vkS|ksfxd m|e'khyrk (Business and Industrial Entrepreneurship)

iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkjr esa O;kikfjd oxZ dk mn; gqvkA ;g oxZ mRikndksa dh tks
Hkh i.; oLrq gksrh gS mls ck”kkj esa igq¡pkrs gSaA izkjEHk esa ;g O;kikjh oxZ ijEijkxr oxZ FkkA O;kikfjd
oxZ dh lkekftd i`"BHkwfe cgqr lhfer FkhA oqQN tkfr;k¡ ijEijkxr is'ks osQ vuqlkj O;kikj djrh jgh
gSaA bu tkfr;ksa dks cfu;k dgrs gSaA jktLFkku ls ckgj lkjk ns'k bu tkfr;ksa dks ekjokM+h dgrk gSA
vxzoky] ekgs'ojh] [k.Msyoky] iksjoky vkfn O;kikjh tkfr;k¡ gSaA vc bl u;s nkSj esa O;kikfj;ksa dh
i`"BHkwfe cgqr foLr`r gks x;hA vc xSj O;kikjh tkfr;k¡ Hkh [kqydj O;kikj osQ O;olk; esa vk x;hA
ck”kkj cfu;ksa dk gh ugh jgk] lHkh tkfr;ksa osQ fy;s [kqyk FkkA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd oxks± us O;kikj
(Mercantile) dks viuk O;olk; cuk fy;kA 10&20 o"kks± esa 'kgjksa esa eè;e oxZ dk vkdkj nqxquk
gks x;kA
tgk¡ O;kikj dk fodkl gqvk ogha ,d ubZ laLÑfr] vkS|ksfxd iw¡thoknh dh vk;hA ;ksxsUnz¯lg dgrs gSa
fd O;kikjh vkSj vkS|ksfxd iw¡thokn us ,d ubZ izfØ;k dks izkjEHk fd;k vkSj ;g izfØ;k vk/qfudhdj.k
dh FkhA vk/qfudhdj.k us eè;e oxZ osQ yksxksa dks fodkl osQ u;s volj fn;s vkSj bl rjg eè;e oxZ
vkS|ksfxd 'kgjksa o xk¡oksa esa Hkh fodflr gks x;kA

2- mifuos'kokn (Colonialism)
iou oqQekj oekZ us eè;e oxZ dh mRifÙk dks mifuos'kokn osQ lkFk tksM+k gSA mudk dguk gS fd
mifuos'kokn us vkSj fo'ks"kdj 1835 esa eSdkys us vius fo[;kr f'k{kk lEcU/h dk;Zo`r fooj.k esa eè;e
oxZ dk mYys[k fd;kA mUgkasus dgkμ
gesa bl le; ,d ,ls oxZ dh jpuk djus osQ fy, Hkjld dksf'k'k djuh pkfg;s tks ge vkSj gekjs
djksM+ksa 'kkflrksa osQ chp nqHkkf"k;s dh Hkwfedk fuHkk losQ vFkkZr~ O;fDr;ksa dk ,d ,slk oxZ tks jDr o
Ropk osQ jax esa rks Hkkjrh; gks ysfdu #fp] vfHker] uSfrd ekun.Mksa vkSj izfrHkk esa vaxzst gksA

vaxzstksa dh bl uhfr us eè;e oxZ dks LFkkfir djus esa liQyrk nhA fLFkfr ;g gks x;h fd /hjs&/hjs
,d u;k oxZ cu x;k vkSj blus vaxzsth Hkk"kk osQ ekè;e ls if'peh laLÑfr dks Lohdkj dj fy;kA gekjs
ns'k esa Hkh ,d u;k vkanksyu pyk ftls iqu:RFkkuoknh vkUnksyu dgrs gSaA blosQ vxz.kh czã lekt vkSj

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