Page 141 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

lkekftd Lrjhdj.k

uksV ikjLifjd lacaf/r tufud fo'ks"krk,¡ gksrh gS] ftuosQ vk/kj ij bls nwljs oxks± ls i`Fko~Q fd;k tk ldrk gSA
gDlys Hkh iztkfr osQ tSfodh; vFkZ ls lger ugha gSA og ^iztkfr* 'kCn osQ LFkku ij ^u`oa'kh; lewg* (ethiic
group) dk iz;ksx djuk pkgrk FkkA ykfi;j] gMlu ,oa xsfVl us Hkh ^iztkfr* 'kCn osQ LFkku ij ^u`oa'kh; lewg*
'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA

gkVZu ,oa gaV (Horton and Hunt) osQ vuqlkj] iztkfr dks osQoy tSfodr;k fHk lewg osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr
djuk mfpr ugha gSA muosQ vuqlkj ;g lkekftd :i ls egRoiw.kZ ladYiuk Hkh gSA vr,o os ^iztkfr* 'kCn
dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj djrs gSa fd ;g ¶nwljs lewgksa ls vkuqoaf'kd 'kkjhfjd fo'ks"krkvksa esa oqQN fHk O;fDr;ksa
8
dk lewg gS] ijUrq iztkfr yksdfiz; lkekftd ifjHkk"kk }kjk Hkh rRor% fu/kZfjr gksrh gSA¸ bl izdkj dksbZ
O;fDr uhxzks gS vFkok ugha] ;g bl rF; ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd D;k yksx mls ,slk le>rs gSa u fd mlosQ ckyksa
dh vkÑfr] flj osQ vkdkj vFkok Ropk osQ vf/d dkysiu ijA D;k dksbZ O;fDr uhxzks gS vFkok ugha] ;g bl
ckr ls fu/kZfjr gksrk fd D;k mldh uhxzks vkuqoaf'kdrk gSA

iztkfr O;fDr;ksa dk o`gr~ lewg gS ftlesa oa'kkuqxr gLrkarj.k osQ dkj.k fof'k"V 'kkjhfjd lekurk ikbZ
tkrh gSA

8-1-1 iztkfr osQ fu/kZjd rRo (Determinants of Race)

iztkfr osQ fu/kZj.k esa 'kkjhfjd y{k.kksa ij è;ku fn;k tkrk gS] ijUrq cgq/k ;g fuf'pr djuk dfBu gksrk gS fd
y{k.kksa dh fofHkÂrk,¡ vkuqoaf'kdrk osQ dkj.k gSa] i;kZoj.kh; ifjorZuksa osQ dkj.k ughaA egRoiw.kZ 'kkjhfjd y{k.k
ftu ij è;ku fn;k tkrk gS] fuEufyf[kr gSaμ

1- flj] eq[k ,oa 'kjhj ij osQ'kksa dk izdkj] jax ,oa foHkktuA osQ'kksa osQ izdkjksa dksμ1- dksey lh/s osQ'k tSls
eaxksy ,oa phuh yksxksa osQ] 2- dksey ?kq¡?kjkys osQ'k] tSls Hkkjr if'peh ;wjksi] vkLVªsfy;k ,oa mÙkjh&iwohZ
vÚhdk osQ fuokfl;ksa osQ] rFkk 3- ?kus ?kq¡?kjkys osQ'k tSls uhxzks yksxksa osQ] esa Js.khc¼ fd;k x;k gSA
2- 'kjhj] dn] o{k ,oa da/ksa dk O;klA
3- flj dh cukoV] fo'ks"kr;k diky ,oa eq[k dh yEckbZ rFkk pkSM+kbZ] ukd dh yEckbZ ,oa pkSM+kbZA fljksa
osQ rhu Hksn fd, x, gSaμ1- nh?kZ diky (dalichocepalic)- 2- eè; diky (mesocephalic) ,oa 3-
i`Fkq diky (brachy-cephalic)A
4- eq[kkÑfr dh fo'ks"krk,¡] ;Fkk ukfldk dh cukoV] vks"B dh cukoV] iydksa dh cukoV] diksy dh
gfM~M;k¡] BksM+h] dku ,oa tcM+ksa dh cukoVA ukfldkvksa osQ rhu Hksn fd, x, gSaμ1- iryh ;k yEch
ukfldk (leptorhine), 2- eè; ;k piVh ukfldk (mesorrhine) ,oa 3- pkSM+h ukfldk (platyrrhine)A
5- Ropk ,oa vk¡[kksa dk jaxA Ropk osQ jax osQ rhu Hksn fd, x, gSaμ1- xksjk jax (leucoderm), 2- ihyk jax
(xanthoderm) ,oa 3- dkyk jax (melanoderm)A
6- Hkqtkvksa ,oa Vk¡xksa dh yEckbZA

7- jDr&izdkjA jDr pkj izdkj dk gksrk gS] O, A , B ,oa AB A O izdkj osQ jDr dks A, B ,oa AB ls
feyk;k tk ldrk gS] ijUrq vU; rhuksa dks ,d&nwljs osQ lkFk lk/kj.kr;k la;qDr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
8-1-2 iztkfr;ksa dk oxhZdj.k

iztkfr osQ vk/kj ij oqQN 'kkjhfjd fo'ks"krkvksa osQ vuqlkj yksxksa dks oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gSA lkekftd lewgksa osQ
lnL; Ropk osQ jax] flj dh cukoV ,oa vU; izs{k.kh; vUrjksa osQ fo"k; esa fHk gksrs gSaA ekuo'kkfL=k;ksa us vusd

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