Page 145 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

lkekftd Lrjhdj.k

uksV dks T;ksa dk R;ksa j[kus gsrq vkSj vf/d izHkko iz;qDr djrs gSaA nf{k.kh vesfjdk osQ i`Fkdoknh usrkvksa osQ

fgrksa dh larqf"V uhxzks osQ izfr iztkfr&iwokZxzgksa dks fLFkj j[kus ls gksrh gSA
3- latkfr&osQUnzh;rk (Ethnocentrism)μlatkfr&osQUnzh;rk og Hkkouk gS ftlosQ }kjk ns'kh; ykssx fonsf'k;ksa
ls ?k`.kk djrs gSa ,oa Lo;a dks Js"B le>rs gSaA tc ;g Hkkouk pje lhek ij igq¡p tkrh gS rks mxz
jk"Vªh;rk dks tUe nsrh gS ftlesa O;fDr vius ns'k osQ izfr roZQghu ,oa mPN`ayu vga rFkk fons'kh jk"Vªks
osQ izfr ?k`.kk fn[kykrs gSaA latkfr&osQUnzh;rk dk ,d izfl¼ mnkgj.k phu osQ lezkV~ pkbu yaqx (Chien

Lung) osQ }kjk baXySM osQ jktk tktZ&r`rh; dks 1793 esa Hksts x, lans'k esa feyrk gSA lans'k esa fy[kk
Fkkμ¶rqe] vjs jktk] vusd leqnzksa osQ ikj jgrs gks] rFkkfi rqeus gekjh lH;rk osQ ykHkksa ls Hkkx ysus dh
fouez vkdka{kk ls laizsfjr gksdj lknj ,d izfrfuf/ eaMy vius vH;kosnu lfgr Hkstk gSA¸

;fn rqEgkjk fopkj gS fd gekjs vykSfdd jktoqQy osQ izfr rqEgkjh J¼k us gekjh lH;rk lh[kus dh
vkdka{kk mRi dh gS rks eSa ;g cryk nsuk pkgrk gw¡ fd gekjs laLdkj ,oa fu;ekofy;k¡ rqEgkjs ls iw.kZr;k
brus fofHk gSa fd ;fn rqEgkjk jktnwr gekjh lH;rk dh vkjfEHkd ckrsa Hkh izkIr dj losQ] rks rqe gekjs
jhfr&fjoktksa ,oa thou&fof/;ksa dks viuh fons'kh Hkwfe ij laHkor% izfrjksfir ugha dj ldrsA

gekjs jktoqQy osQ xkSjoe; xq.k bl vkdk'k osQ uhps izR;sd ns'k esa izos'k dj pqosQ gSa rFkk lHkh jk"Vªksa
osQ jktkvksa us leqnzh ,oa Hkwfe ekxZ ls viuh cgqewY; J¼katfy;k¡ Hksth gSaA rqEgkjk jktnwr Lo;a ns[k ldrk
gS fd gekjs ikl lHkh oLrq,¡ gSaA eSa fons'kh vFkok vtuch oLrqvksa dks dksbZ egRo ugha nsrk ,oa rqEgkjs
ns'k dh fu£er oLrqvksa dk gekjs fy, dksbZ mi;ksx ugha gSA¸
4- fujk'kk dh {kfriw£r (Compensation for frustration)μdHkh&dHkh vYila[;d lewg dks lkekftd
,oa vk£Fkd v'kkafr osQ fy, nks"kh le>k tkrk gS ,oa mls izHkqRo'kkyh lewg }kjk vtes/ (scapegoat)

cuk;k tkrk gS ftlls bl lewg dks viuh lkekftd vFkok O;fDrxr fujk'kk] ftldk dkj.k laHkor%
'kkld lewg dh voqQ'kyrk vFkok csbZekuh gks ldrh gS] fd {kfriw£r fey tkrh gSA teZuh esa ukft;ksa
us izFke fo'o;q¼ esa teZu dh ijkt; osQ fy, ;gwfn;ksa dks nksf"kr fd;kA vesfjdk esa uhxzks]
jkseu&oSQFkksfydksa ,oa lkekU;r;k fonsf'k;ksa dks lkekftd O;oLFkk esa gksus okys nks"kh ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk
gSA bu O;fDr;ksa dks lkekftd fo?kVu dk dkj.k vFkok ns'k dh lkekftd ,oa vk£Fkd fLFkjrk osQ fy,
Hk; le>k tkrk gSA ;gwfn;ksa dks fo'ks"kr;k ,slh nq%[kn izflf¼ iznku dh xbZ gSA blosQ tks oqQN Hkh dkj.k
jgs gksa] ;g dFku foosd;qDr gksxk fd mUgsa tcfd ns'k esa mudh vYila[;k gS] lkekftd fo?kVu dk
dkj.k ugha le>k tk ldrkA oLrqr% viuh vliQyrkvksa osQ fy, Lo;a dh voqQ'kyrk dks nks"kh u Bgjk
dj fdlh vU; lewg ftls ghu] rqPN ,oa fuyZTt le>k tkrk gS] osQ O;fDr;ksa dh lkft'kksa ,oa pkyksa
dks nks"k nsuk ekuoh; LoHkko gSA
5- mfpr f'k{kk dk vHkko (Lack of propere ducation)μ;g iztkfr&iwokZxzg dk lcls egRoiw.kZ dkj.k
gSA tSlk Åij o£.kr fd;k x;k gS] izktkfr&iwokZxzg tUetkr ugha gksrk] vfirq f'k{kktfur gksrk gSA f'k{kk
O;fDr esa iwokZxzg&eukso`fÙk;ksa dks tUe ns nsrh gSA tSls O;fDr lkekftd fojklr osQ vU; rRoksa dks izkIr
djrk gS] og iwokZxzg dks Hkh izkIr dj ysrk gSA lksfo;r :l esa uo;qod dks izR;sd ,sls O;fDr ls tks
lkE;okn es fo'okl ugha djrk] ?k`.kk djuk fl[kk;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj ckY;koLFkk ls gh oqQN lewgksa
osQ ckjs esa izfrowQy :f<+c¼ iz:iksa dk fuekZ.k gks tkrk gSA O;fDr;ksa dks muosQ oS;kfDrd xq.kksa osQ vkèkkj
ij lEcksfèkr ugha fd;k tkrk] vfirq ml uke ls lacksf/r fd;k tkrk gS] ftlls vk/kj ij lEcksfèkr
ugha fd;k tkrk] vfirq ml uke ls lacksf/r fd;k tkrk gS] ftlls muosQ lewg dks fufnr fd;k tkrk
gSA jksl (Rose) dk dFku gS fd ¶:f<+c¼¸ iz:i vYila[;d lewg osQ owQN lnL;ksa esa orZeku oqQNsd
'kkjhfjd y{k.kksa vFkok lkaLÑfrd fo'ks"krkvksa dh vfr'k;ksfDr;k¡ gksrs gSa ftUgsa lewg osQ lHkh lnL;ksa ij
vkjksfir dj fn;k tkrk gSA ;s :f<+c¼ iz:i vU; O;fDr;ksa osQ ckjs esa gekjs Kku dks ,d vosQys iQkewZyk

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