Page 157 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

lkekftd Lrjhdj.k

uksV 8-4-1 Hkkjr esa /eZ dk lekt'kkL=k

lekt'kkL=k vkSj lkekftd ekuo'kkL=k osQ losZ{k.k dh Vsª.M fjiksVks± (Trend Reports) esa /eZ osQ lekt'kkL=k
ij cjkcj vuqla/kuksa dk ewY;kadu fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g ewY;kadu lqjthr flUgk] ,y-ih- fo|kFkhZ vkSj
cS|ukFk ljLorh us fd;k gSA ,y-ih- fo|kFkhZ us Hkkjr esa /eZ osQ fo'ys"k.k esa ,d u;h ijEijk LFkkfir dh gSA
dguk pkfg, fd /eZ osQ vè;;u osQ fy, mUgksaus ,d ekWMy j[kk gSA os dgrs gSa fd gekjs ;gk¡ oqQN /k£ed
LFky gSa ;k ,d ifo=k Hkwxksy (Sacred Geography) gS tks mÙkj ls nf{k.k rd osQ vapyksa dks tksM+rh gSA nwljk]
;gk¡ /eZ osQ lkFk esa /eZ fof/ (Ritual) egÙoiw.kZ gSA Hkxoku dk tkxuk] 'k;u djuk] vkfn /eZ fof/;k¡ gSa
vkSj fo|kFkhZ dgrs gSa fd rhljk gekjs ;gk¡ /eZfof/;ksa dks djus osQ fy, fof'k"V O;fDr gksrs gSa tks ifo=k le>s
tkrs gSaA ,y- ih- fo|kFkhZ vkSj mudh ijEijk esa dbZ fo|k£Fk;ksa us dke fd;k gS vHkh gky esa Mh-osQ- lkeUr
us mTtSu osQ ifo=k dkEiysDl dk vè;;u (1997) izLrqr fd;k gSA

/eZ ij dke djus okyksa esa oS|ukFk ljLorh dk uke Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA mUgksaus dk'kh ;kuh okjk.klh dk vè;;u
fd;k gSA buosQ vuqlkj Hkkjr esa /eZ osQ rhu rÙo gSaμ(1) vfr izkÑr esa fo'okl] (2) fo'okl iSnk djus okyk
dÙkkZ (iSxEcj ;k vorkj)] vkSj (3) vfr izkÑr esa fo'okl djus okyk O;fDr ;k lewgA ;g Lohdkj dj fy;k
tkuk pkfg, fd ljLorh us fgUnw /eZ dh O;k[;k cgqr foLr`r :i esa dh gSA /eZ osQ lekt'kkL=k esa Hkkjr esa
,e-,u- Jhfuokl dk uke vxz.kh gSA viuh iqLrd fjfytu ,.M lkslk;Vh veax oqQxZl~ vkWiQ lkmFk
bf.M;k esa bUgksaus /eZ dh O;k[;k tkfr O;oLFkk osQ lUnHkZ esa dh gSA ;g blh iqLrd dh izkfIr gS fd mUgksaus
laLÑfrdj.k dh vo/kj.kk dks lekt'kkL=k esa j[kk gSA feYVu ¯lxj us viuh iqLrd osu , xszV VªsfM'ku
eksMuZukb”kst esa ,d lkekftd izfØ;k dk mYys[k f;dk gSA os dgrs gSa fd bl ns'k dh egku~ ijEijk og gS
tks laLÑr xzUFkksa esa gSaA bl ijEijk osQ lkFk vke yksxksa dh vUr%fØ;k gksrh gSA ijEijk dks ifjHkkf"kr djus osQ
ckn ¯lxj pSUubZ 'kgj dks vius vè;;u dk LFkku cukrs gSa vkSj ;gk¡ os /eZ osQ izHkko dks lkekftd thou esa
ns[krs gSaA bu vè;;uksa osQ vfrfjDr oqQN vkSj vè;;u Hkh /eZ osQ {ks=k esa gq, gSaA ysfdu lekt'kkfL=k;ksa us èkeZ
vkSj tkfr dh O;k[;k /eZfujis{k jkT; (Secular State) osQ lanHkZ esa ugha dh gS vkSj vkt lcls cM+h
vko';drk bl ckr dks ns[kus dh gS fd tc ge tkfr dks Lohdkj ugha djrs] jkT; dk dksbZ /eZ ugha gS ;kuh
/eZ jkT; ls i`Fko~Q gS] fiQj /eZ dk lkekftd thou ij D;k izHkko gS\

8-4-2 fofHkUu /k£ed lewg % mudk vkdkj] o`f¼ vkSj vk¡pfyd forj.k
Hkkjrh; tux.kuk tkfr;ksa dh la[;k vkSj mudh o`f¼ osQ dksbZ vk¡dM+s ugha nsrh ysfdu /eZ vkSj /ekZoyfEc;ksa
osQ vk¡dM+s vo'; nsrh gSA ;g bUgha vkdM+ksa osQ vk/kj ij fd ge fofHkUu /ekZoyfEc;ksa osQ vkdkj dks ;gk¡

ns ikrs gSaA 1991 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 82-41 izfr'kr yksx ftuesa vuqlwfpr tkfr;k¡ vkSj vuqlwfpr
tutkfr;k¡ Hkh lfEefyr gSa] fgUnw /eZ osQ vuq;k;h gSaA oSls fgUnw /ekZoyEch lHkh jkT;ksa esa iSQys gq, gSa ysfdu
ik¡p /eZ vius ifjos'k esa cgqr fo'kky gSA vkSj dfBukbZ ;g gS fd bldh ifjHkk"kk esa Hkh dksbZ Li"Vrk ugha gS
fiQj Hkh fgUnqvksa dks rhu lEiznk;ksa esa ck¡Vk tkrk gSA ;s lEiznk; gSaμ(1) oS".ko] (2) 'kSo] vkSj (3) 'kkDrA
oS".ko lEiznk; osQ yksx fo".kq dks viuk eq[; vkjkè; nso ekurs gSaA 'kSo lEiznk; osQ vuq;k;h eq[; mikluk
f'ko dh djrs gSaA 'kkDr lEiznk; osQ vuq;k;h 'kfDr ;kuh dkyh vkSj mlosQ fofHkUu Lo:iksa dh mikluk djrs gSaA
lEiznk;ksa dk ;g foHkktu dksbZ cgqr lkiQ&lqFkjk ugha gSA os yksx tks oS".ko lEiznk; osQ gSa 'kSo vkSj 'kkDr
lEiznk; osQ mikL; nsorkvksa dh Hkh iwtk&vpZuk djrs gSaA ysfdu tc deZdk.M dk fojks/ mÙkjoSfnd dky esa
gqvk rc ;s lEiznk; ,d&nwljs osQ fojks/h FksA laLÑr dk ,d 'yksd gS ftldk vFkZ gS fd ,d oS".ko
/ekZoyEch osQ lkeus eÙk gkFkh vk tk;s rc mlls cpus osQ fy;s ;fn ikl esa f'ko eafnj gks rc Hkh mlesa izos'k
ugha djuk pkfg,A gkFkh osQ ik¡oksa osQ uhps ncdj ej tkuk mlosQ fy, vPNk gksxk bldh vis{kk fd og tku

152 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY