Page 262 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—14% eè;e oxZ dk vkfoHkkZo

14-1 eè;e oxZ dk vkfoHkkZo (Emergence of Middle-Class) uksV

eè;e oxZ ij fy[kus okys vf/dka'k ys[kdksa us bl oxZ dks [kwc vkM+s gkFkksa fy;k gSA fdlh Hkh lkekU;
'kCndks"k esa tks Hkh xkyh&xyksp gks ldrk gS] lc bl oxZ ds ekFks e<+ fn;k gSA ,sls gh ,d mPp iz'kklfud
vf/dkjh us Hkkjr ds eè;e oxZ dh vthc nkLrku ij viuk Øks/ bl Hkk¡fr O;Dr fd;k gS%
Hkkjrh; eè;e oxZ dksbZ jkrksa&jkr cu tkus okyh lkekftd lajpuk ugha FkhA miHkksDrkoknh ijHk{kh ds :i esa
bldh [kkst fd;s tkus ls dgha igys bl oxZ dk ,d vrhc vkSj ,d bfrgkl Hkh FkkA eè;e oxZ dh ;g
vthr nkLrku vktknh ds ckn gq, ?kVuk Øe dk xgjkbZ ls tk;tk ysrh gSA Hkkjr&phu ;q¼ vkSj usg: dh
e`R;q ls ysdj vkikrdky o e.My vk;ksx dh fliQkfj'kksa dks ykxw djus dh ?kks"k.kk rd bl nkLrku us eè;e
oxZ dks ,d ,sls [kqnxtZ rcds ds :i esa mHkkjk gS ftlus ckj&ckj U;k;iw.kZ lekt cukus ds vius gh ?kksf"kr
y{;ksa ds lkFk xíkjh dh gSA yksdrU=k vkSj pquko izfØ;k ds izfr eè;e oxZ dh izfrc¼rk fnuksa fnu detksj
gksrh tk jgh gSA eè;e oxZ ,slh fdlh xfrfof/ ;k lPpkbZ ls dkbZ okLrk ugha j[kuk pkgrk ftldk
mldh vkfFkZd [kq'kgkyh ls lh/k okLrk u gksA vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k us mlds bl joS;s dks vkSj Hkh vf/
d c<+kok fn;k gSA
lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd thou esa vkt ;g ,d iQS'ku gks x;k gS ftlesa lekt ds lEiw.kZ nks"kksa dh tM+ eè;e
oxZ dks le>k tkrk gSA ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh ckr rc rd v/wjh gS tc rd eè;e oxZ dk
mYys[k u fd;k tk;sA ;g lc gksus dk dkj.k Li"V vo/kj.kk dk vHkko gSA eè;e oxZ ds lkFk ,d
,sfrgkfld gknlk gqvk gSA bl oxZ dk vkfoHkkZo fczfV'k 'kkludky] nÝrj'kkgh vkSj ljdkjh dke&dkt ls
tqM+k gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk gS fd uqDdM+ dk gj vkneh eè;e oxZ dks ljdkj ds dke&dkt ls tksM+rk
gSA ifj.kkeLo:i tc ljdkj dks Hkyk&cqjk dguk gks rks ljyrk vkSj lgtrk ls eè;e oxZ dks Hkyk&cqjk dg
fn;k tkrk gSA ;gh ,d ,sfrgkfld gknlk gSA eè;e oxZ ds lkFk cgqr cM+h dfBukbZ ;g gS fd bl ij dksbZ
lekt oSKkfud vk/kj ij O;ofLFkr vè;;u ugha gqvk gSA ?ku';ke 'kkg us Hkkjrh; lkekftd foKku
vuqlaèkku ifj"kn~] ubZ fnYyh }kjk izk;ksftr ,d vuqla/ku esa Hkkjr esa lkekftd vkanksyuksa ij tks Hkh lkfgR;
gS mldk ys[kk&tks[kk fd;k gSA blesa os eè;e oxZ ds lkfgR; dh Hkh [kkst djrs gSaA
?ku';ke 'kkg dgrs gSa fd lekt foKku esa Ñ"kd] dkexkj] vkfnoklh vkfn ds vkanksyuksa ij i;kZIr lkexzh
gSA dgha Hkh gesa eè;e oxZ ij dksbZ lkfgR; miyC/ ugha gksrkA yxrk gS lHkh vuqla/kudÙkkZ bl oxZ dks
vR;f/d mis{kk dh n`f"V ls ns[krs gSaA gky esa dqN iQqVdj lkfgR; eè;e oxZ ij feyk gS] ysfdu ;g lkfgR;
Hkh dsoy lanHkkZRed ;k izklafxd gSA ;g fuf'pr gS fd eè;e oxZ ij cgqr dqN fy[ks tkus dh xqatkb'k gSA
vkt ;gh ,d ,slk oxZ gS tks miHkksDrkokn dk vxz.kh gSA ;g oxZ nksuksa gkFkksa ls cktkj esa tks dqN miyC/
gS] mls gfFk;k ysuk pkgrk gSA cUn fMCcs dk [kkuk bls pkfg;s] mQ¡ph ls mQ¡ph xkM+h esa cSBus dh mM+ku ;gh
oxZ djrk gSA vkt dksbZ Hkh oLrq cktkj esa vk;h vkSj dy lqcg eè;e oxZ bls [kjhnus ds fy, lM+d ij
vk tk;sxkA ,sls oxZ ij fy[kus dh dksbZ deh ugha gksuh pkfg,A bl lhek ds gksrs gq, Hkh tks Hkh dqN fy[kk
x;k gS] vkSj tks dqN iQqVdj fucU/ksa esa miyC/ gS] blds vk/kj ij ge eè;e oxZ dks bl vè;k; esa ck¡èkus
dk iz;kl djsaxsA
eè;e oxZ dk vFkZ (Meaning of Middle Class)

eè;e oxZ dks fdlh c¡/h&c¡/k;h ifjHkk"kk esa j[kuk dfBu gSA yksd /kj.kk esa lHkh liQsniks'k jgus okys eè;e
oxZ ds gSaA nhikadj xqIrk us feLVsdu eksMjfuVh (Mistaken Modernity, Harper collins, 2000) esa eè;e
oxZ dh ifjHkk"kk ds eqís dks mBk;k gSA os dgrs gSa fd bl oxZ dh lHkh ifjHkk"kk,¡ miHkksx ds izfreku dks
viuk vk/kj cukrh gSaA ysfdu ;fn ge if'peh ns'kksa dks ns[ksa rks yxsxk fd ogk¡ eè;e oxZ dh ifjHkk"kk dsoy

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