Page 88 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—5% lkekftd Lrjhdj.k dk Lo:i

gS\ tSlk gesa Kkr gS] xzkeh.k O;fDr Hkh thou osQ uxjh; <axksa osQ izHkkok/hu vk x, gSaA xzkeh.k {ks=k Hkh uksV
thou&i¼fr esa uxjhÑr gks ldrs gSaA tcfd uxjh; leqnk; osQ lkekftd y{k.kksa ,oa tulkaf[;dh; y{k.kksa
osQ eè; dkj.kkRed lEcU/ gks ldrk gSA ,slk Hkh lEHko gS fd dksbZ ns'k tulkaf[;dh; n`f"V ls uxjh; gks]
ijUrq lkekftd n`f"V ls vf/d xzkeh.k gksA ml ns'k dh vis{kk tks tulkaf[;dh; n`f"V ls vf/d xzkeh.k ,oa
lkekftd n`f"V ls vf/d uxjh; gksA

pkbZy (Chile) dh tula[;k dukMk dh vis{kk uxjksa esa vf/d fuokl djrh gS] ijUrq
blosQ yksx dukMk okfl;ksa ls vf/d nsgkrh gSaA

bl izdkj] 'kCn ‘urban’ dh ifjHkk"kk nsuk dfBu gSA tcfd ^xzkeh.k* ,oa ^uxjh;* osQ eè; varj nSfud Hkk"kk
esa lkekU; rkSj ij lqifjfpr gS] buosQ eè; foHksnhdj.k dk ekinaM lqfuf'pr ,oa lqLi"V ugha gSA lksjksdhu ,oa
ftejeSu (Sorokin and Zimerman) us O;olk; dks bl foHksnh dk ekinaM cuk;kA muosQ vuqlkj xzkeh.k
leqnk; dk eq[; O;olk; i'kqikyu ,oa Ñf"k gS tcfd uxjh; turk fofHk izdkj osQ O;olk;ksa esa layXu gksrh
gSA bu ys[kdksa us foHksnh osQ vU; vk/kjksa dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k ;Fkk vkdkj] ?kuRo] fofo/rk] lkekftd foHksn]
,oa Lrjhdj.k] xfr'khyrk] i;kZoj.k ,oa var£Ø;k dh fof/;k¡] ijUrq muosQ vuqlkj ;g fo'ks"krk,¡ dkj.kkRed
:i ls lEc¼ gSaA izFke ifjoR;Z] Ñf"k O;olk;] osQ lkFk vU; ifjorZu tqM+s gq;s gSaA bu yss[kdksa dk ;g Hkh fopkj
gS fd mijksDr y{k.k ek=kk esa] u fd izdkj fofHk gSaA mUgksaus fy[kk gS] ¶okLro esa] furkUr xzkeh.k leqnk; ls
uxjh; esa ifjorZu ,d vkdfLed ?kVuk ugha gSA ;g ifjorZu /hjs&/hjs vkrk gSA xzkeh.k ,oa uxjh; leqnk; osQ
eè; dksbZ fujis{k lhek js[kk ugha gSA uxjh; ,oa xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa osQ eè; vusd foHksnd fo'ks"krk,¡ mu rRoksa
esa tks ,d esa mifLFkr rFkk nwljs esa vuqifLFkr gSa] u mruk fufgr ugha gS ftruk bu rRoksa dh ifjek.kkRed o`f¼
esa gSaA¸
mijksDr ladYiuk dks vk/qfud ys[kdksa }kjk ^xzkeh.k&uxjh; lrr~rk* (Rural Urban Continuesm) dk uke
fn;k x;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS fd bu nksuksa leqnk;ksa osQ eè; fHkÂrk,¡ /heh ,oa lrr~ gSa] xq.kkRed fHkÂrk,¡ ugha
gS ftuosQ vk/kj ij Li"V js[kk [khaph tk losQA bl izdkj LVqoVZ , Dohu (Stuart A. Queen) ,oa MsfoM ch
dkis±Vj (Davide B. Carpenter) fy[krs gSa fd ¶xzkeh.k ls uxjh; esa lrr~ Js.khdj.k pyrk jgrk gS] ;g dksbZ
ljy xzkeh.k&uxjh; f}foHkktu ugha gSA¸ ftLV ,oa gYcVZ (Gist and Halbert) us fy[kk gS] ¶bl izdkj
^xzkeh.k* ,oa ^uxjh;* osQ eè; ifjfpr f}foHkktu lkeqnkf;d thou osQ rRoksa ij vk/kfjr foHkktu dh vis{kk
lS¼kfUrd vo/kj.kk vf/d gSA¸ cxZy (Bergel) us fy[kk gS] ¶izR;sd O;fDr tkurk gS fd uxj D;k gksrk gS]
ijUrq fdlh us Hkh larks"kiw.kZ ifjHkk"kk ugha nh gSA¸ izR;sd nsgkr esa uxj osQ oqQN rRo orZeku gksrs gSa] tcfd izR;sd
uxj nsgkrksa osQ oqQN y{k.kksa dks vfHkyf{kr djrk gSA tSlk eSdkboj dgrk gS] ¶bu nksuksa osQ eè; dksbZ ,slh
lqLi"V foHkktu js[kk ugha gS] tks ;g fuf'pr dj losQ fd uxj dk veqd fcUnq ij vUr gksrk gS rFkk nsgkr
dk veqd fcUnq ij vkjEHk gksrk gSA¸
lkekU; rkSj ij] uxjh; leqnk;ksa dk vkdkj cM+k gksrk gS] muesa tula[;k dk ?kuRo gksrk gS ,oa fofo/rk gksrh
gS tcfd xzkeh.k leqnk; NksVs le:i ,oa de l?ku gksrs gSa] rnfi muosQ eè; dksbZ dBksj foHkktd js[kk [khapuk
dfBu gSA tcfd vafre Nksj dks lqxerk ls ifgpkuk tk ldrk gS] leL;k ml le; mRi gksrh gS tc muosQ
chp foHkktd js[kk [khapus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj O;olk; osQ ekinaM osQ vk/kj ij Hkh foHksn
djuk dfBu gSA O;fDr;ksa dh fdruh la[;k Ñf"k esa layXu gksuh pkfg, rkfd ;g cryk;k tk losQ fd veqd
leqnk; xzkeh.k gS vFkok uxjh;A D;k lknj cgqer ,sls oxhZdj.k gsrq i;kZIr gksxkA

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