Page 147 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 6 % ek¡x o ek¡x dh yksp osQ fl¼kar

dk budh ek¡x ij fo'ks"k izHkko ugha iM+rkA blosQ foijhr foykflrk dh oLrqvksa tSls ,;jdaMh'kuj] uksV
dherh iQuhZpj vkfn dh ek¡x bdkbZ ls vfèkd vFkok ykspnkj (Elastic) gksrh gSA bldk dkj.k ;g
gS fd budh dher esa gksus okyk ifjorZu budh ek¡x dks dkiQh izHkkfor djrk gSA vkjkenk;d oLrqvksa
tSls VªkaftLVj] owQyj] ia[kk vkfn dh dher yksp bdkbZ osQ cjkcj ;k bdkbZ osQ lehi gksrh gSA
2- LFkkukiUu oLrqvksa dh miyCèkrk (Availability of Substitutes)μftu oLrqvksa osQ ftrus
vfèkd LFkkukiUu miyCèk gksaxs] mudh ek¡x dh yksp Hkh mruh gh vfèkd gksxhA ftu oLrqvksa osQ
LFkkukiUu tSls pk; dk LFkkukiUu dkWiQh] isu dk LFkkukiUu ckWy isu] feYd'ksd dk LFkkukiUu yLlh]
lSafMyksa dk LFkkukiUu pIiy vkfn] ;s mfpr dher ij miyCèk gksrs gSa] blfy, budh ek¡x ykspnkj
gksrh gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ;fn fdlh oLrq dh dher mlosQ LFkkukiUu dh rqyuk esa de gks
tkrh gS rks yksx ml oLrq dh vfèkd ek=kk [kjhnsaxsA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn dkWiQh] pk; dh rqyuk esa]
lLrh gks tkrh gS rks dkWiQh dh ek¡x esa dkiQh o`f¼ gksxh] rFkk pk; dh ek¡x esa dkiQh deh gks tk,xhA
ftu oLrqvksa osQ LFkkukiUu ugha gSa tSls flxjsV] 'kjkc vkfn budh ek¡x csykspnkj gksrh gSA
3- fofHkUu mi;ksxksa okyh oLrq,¡ (Goods with Different Uses)μ,d oLrq osQ ftrus vfèkd
mi;ksx gksrs gSa mruh gh mldh ek¡x vfèkd ykspnkj gksrh gSA os oLrq,¡ ftudks fofHkUu mi;ksxksa
esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS] budh ek¡x ykspnkj gksrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] fctyh osQ fofHkUu mi;ksx
gSaA bldk iz;ksx cYc] ghVj] izsl xeZ djus vkfn dbZ dk;ks± esa fd;k tkrk gSA

;fn fctyh dh dher c<+ tk,xh rks bldk iz;ksx egÙoiw.kZ dk;ks± tSls jks'kuh osQ fy, cYc tykus
esa gh fd;k tk,xkA bl izdkj dher esa gksus okyh o`f¼ dh rqyuk esa fctyh dh ek¡x esa vfèkd deh
gksxhA
4- ek¡x dk LFkxu (Postponement of Demand)μftu oLrqvksa dh ek¡x dks Hkfo"; osQ fy,
LFkfxr fd;k tk ldrk gS mudh ek¡x ykspnkj (Elastic) gksrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn edku
cukus dh ek¡x dks Hkfo"; osQ fy, LFkfxr fd;k tk ldrk gS rks edku dh lkexzh tSls b±V] jsr] lhesaV]
pwuk vkfn dh ek¡x ykspnkj gksxhA blosQ foijhr ftu oLrqvksa dh ek¡x dks Hkfo"; osQ fy, LFkfxr
ugha fd;k tk ldrk] tSls Hkw[k yxus ij Hkkstu vkSj I;kl yxus ij is; inkFkZ] rks budh ek¡x
csykspnkj (Inelastic) gksrh gSA
5- miHkksDrk dh vk; (Income of the Consumer)μftu yksxksa dh vk; cgqr vfèkd ;k cgqr
de gksrh gS] mudh ek¡x lkekU;r;k csykspnkj gksrh gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd dher osQ ?kVus
;k c<+us dk] bu yksxksa }kjk dh tkus okyh ek¡x ij dksbZ fo'ks"k izHkko ugha iM+rkA blosQ foijhr eè;
oxZ osQ yksxksa dh ek¡x ykspnkj gksrh gSA bu yksxksa }kjk ek¡xh tkus okyh oLrqvksa dh dher esa o`f¼
gksus ij mudh ek¡x esa vis{kkÑr deh gks tkrh gSA
6- miHkksDrk dh vknr (Habit of the Consumer)μmu oLrqvksa dh ek¡x csykspnkj gksrh gS
ftuosQ fy, yksxksa dh vknr cu tkrh gS tSls flxjsV] dkWiQh vkfnA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd bu
oLrqvksa dh dher esa o`f¼ gksus ij Hkh miHkksDrkvksa dh ek¡x esa deh ugha vkrhA
7- fdlh oLrq ij [kpZ dh tkus okyh vk; dk vuqikr (Proportion of Income Spent on a
Commodity)μvk; dk ftruk vfèkd vuqikr fdlh oLrq ij [kpZ fd;k tkrk gS mruh gh
ml oLrq osQ fy, ek¡x vfèkd ykspnkj gksxhA ftu oLrqvksa ij miHkksDrk viuh vk; dk cgqr de
vuqikr [kpZ djrk gS tSls v[kckj] VwFkisLV] cwV ikfy'k vkfn] budh ek¡x csykspnkj (Inelastics)
gksrh gSA bu oLrqvksa dh dhersa c<+us ij budh ek¡x esa deh ugha gksrhA blosQ foijhr ftu oLrqvksa
ij miHkksDrk viuh vk; dk dkiQh vfèkd Hkkx [kpZ djrk gS tSls diM+s] cf<+;k Hkkstu] MStVZ owQyj]
iQy vkfn] budh ek¡x ykspnkj gksrh gSA budh dher c<+us ij budh ek¡x de gks tkrh gS D;ksafd
miHkksDrk budh LFkkukiUu oLrq,¡ [kkstus yxrk gSA

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