Page 143 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 6 % ek¡x o ek¡x dh yksp osQ fl¼kar

1 ) uksV
P+ P
∆ Q ∆ P ∆ Q 2 ( 1
E = (–) ÷ = (–) ×
d
1 1 1 ∆ P
(Q+ Q ) ( 1 ) (Q+ Q )
P+ P
1
1
2 2 2
;k
1
P +
Q − Q 2 ( 1 P ) Q − Q P + P
1
1
1
E = (–) × = (–) ×
d 1 P − P Q P
1
1
(Q+ Q ) 1 Q + P −
1
2
(;gk¡ Q = izkjafHkd ek¡x_ Q = ubZ ek¡x_ P = izkjafHkd dher_ P = ubZ dherA)
1 1
pki yksp fofèk osQ vuqlkj ;fn ,d oLrq dh dher esa leku vuqikr esa o`f¼ ;k deh gksrh gS vkSj
ifj.kkeLo:i oLrq dh ek¡x esa Hkh mlh vuqikr esa laoqQpu ;k foLrkj gksrk gS rc ek¡x dh yksp ,d leku
jgsxhA ijarq ;fn izfr'kr fofèk dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rc mijksDr voLFkkvksa essa ek¡x dh yksp fofHkUu gksxhA
 3
igys esa ;g bdkbZ ls vfèkd (6) ;k ykspnkj gksxh vkSj nwljs esa ;g bdkbZ ls de   ;k csykspnkj gksxhA
 4
vr% pki yksp fofèk] izfr'kr yksp fofèk dh rqyuk esa] vfèkd okLrfod rFkk fuHkZj fofèk gSA
ek¡x dh pki yksp rFkk fcanq yksp osQ chp varj Hkh gSA pki yksp] ek¡x oØ osQ ,d fo'ks"k Hkkx ij yksp
dk vkSlr ewY; gS] tcfd fcanq yksp] ek¡x oØ osQ ,d fo'ks"k fcanq ij yksp dk ewY; gSA ckeksy
osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^ek¡x dh ¯cnq yksp ek¡x oØ osQ izR;sd fcanq ls lacafèkr èkkj.kk gS] ijarq ,sls fdlh Hkh
fcanq ij dher (∆P = 0) esa vFkok ek=kk esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha (∆∆ ∆∆ ∆Q = 0) gksrkA vr% ge facanq yksp
dks pki dh lhek eku ysrs gSa D;ksafd tSls&tSls pki dks NksVs ls NksVk fd;k tkrk gS og fcanq cu
tkrk gSA** (Point elastictiy of demand is the corresponding concept, for each point on
the demand curve. But at any such point there is no change in price (∆P = 0) or in
quantity (∆Q = 0). We, therefore, take point elasticity to be the limit of the arc
elasticity figure as the arc is made smaller and smaller. —Baumol

5- vk; fofèk (Revenue Method)
ek¡x dh yksp Kkr djus dh ik¡poha fofèk vk; fofèk gSA ,d iQeZ dks mlosQ mRiknu dh fcØh ls tks fcØh
ewY; izkIr gksrk gS] mls iQeZ dh vk; (Revenue) dgk tkrk gSA eku yhft, 10 ehVj diM+k cspdj ,d
iQeZ dks 50 #i, izkIr gksrs gSaA bu 50 #i;ksa dks iQeZ dh oqQy vk; (Total Revenue) dgk tk,xkA ;fn
oqQy vk; dks mRiknu dh csph xbZ bdkb;ksa dh ek=kk ls Hkkx ns fn;k tk, rks tks HktuiQy vk,xk mls vkSlr
50
vk; (Average Revenue) vFkok izfr bdkbZ dher dgk tk,xkA mijksDr iQeZ dh vkSlr vk; = 5
10
#i, izfr ehVj gksxhA vr% vkSlr vk; vkSj dher lekukFkZd 'kCn gSaA fdlh oLrq dh ,d vfèkd bdkbZ
cspus ls oqQy vk; esa tks varj vkrk gS mls lhekar vk; (Marginal Revenues) dgrs gSaA ;fn 11 ehVj
diM+k csp dj iQeZ dks 54 #i, izkIr gksrs gSa rks bldk vFkZ gS fd 11osa ehVj diM+s dh lhekar vk; 54
#i, –50 #i, = 4 #i, gksxhA ,d iQeZ dh vkSlr vk; oØ dks ek¡x oØ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA vkSSlr vk;
A
rFkk lhekar vk; osQ }kjk ek¡x dh yksp dks fuEufyf[kr lw=k }kjk ekik tk ldrk gSµ(;gk¡ E =
d
A − M
ek¡x dh dher yksp_ A = vkSlr vk;_ M = lhekar vk;)
ek¡x dh yksp osQ bl lw=k dks fp=k 6-21 dh lgk;rk ls Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl fp=k esa OY-v{k ij
vk; rFkk OX-v{k ij oLrq dh ek=kk izdV dh xbZ gSA AB vkSlr vk; (AR) ;k ek¡x oozQ gS vkSj AN

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